使用昼夜心电图特征和机器学习,预测心力衰竭患者有明显的左心室喷射分数水平
Sona M Al Younis1, Leontios J Hadjileontiadis1,2, Ahsan H Khandoker1
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Healthcare Engineering Innovation Centre (HEIC), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
PloS one
|May 13, 2024
概括
机器学习模型使用心电图 (ECG) 准确地分类心力衰竭 (HF) 患者. 决策树和KNN模型的准确度超过90%,确定了查冠状动脉疾病 (CAD) 患者的最佳时间.
科学领域:
- 心脏病学 心脏病学
- 生物医学工程 生物医学工程
- 人工智能在医学中的应用
背景情况:
- 心力衰竭 (HF) 是一个日益增长的全球健康问题,随着患病率和医疗保健成本的增加.
- 准确地将HF患者分为减少的 (HFrEF),中等范围的 (HFmEF) 和保存的 (HFpEF) 喷射分数类别对管理至关重要.
- 心声谱是射出分数评估的标准,但心电图 (ECG) 提供了一个成本效益高,连续的替代方案.
研究的目的:
- 评估机器学习 (ML) 模型,以使用24小时心电图记录对HF患者的左心室喷射分数 (LVEF) 进行分类.
- 为了比较K-近邻 (KNN),神经网络 (NN),支向量机 (SVM) 和HF分类的决策树 (TREE) 的性能.
- 确定基于心电图的高频率分类的最佳时间间隔,这可能有助于对冠状动脉疾病 (CAD) 患者的自动查.
主要方法:
- 利用来自美国和希腊人口的303名高压患者 (HFpEF,HFmEF,HFrEF) 的多中心数据集.
- 从24小时心电图记录和训练有素的ML模型 (KNN,NN,SVM,TREE) 每小时抽取特征.
- 采用嵌套交叉验证用于超参数调整,以优化CAD患者的LVEF分类准确性.
主要成果:
- 决策树 (TREE) 和KNN模型表现出卓越的性能,分别达到91.2%和90.9%的准确性.
- 无论是TREE还是KNN型号,接收器操作特性曲线 (AUROC) 下的平均面积均为0.98和0.99.
- 在特定的时间窗口中观察到高峰分类准确度:午夜-1am,8-9am和10-11pm,表明昼夜影响.
结论:
- ML模型,特别是TREE和KNN,可以有效地使用ECG数据对HF患者的LVEF进行分类.
- 基于心电图的ML分类为HF患者分层提供了一种有希望的,非侵入性的和具有成本效益的方法.
- 这些发现支持CAD患者自动查系统的开发,利用与昼夜节律一致的优化心电图测量时间.
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