脸书和Instagram对2020年大选的影响:一个停用实验
Hunt Allcott1, Matthew Gentzkow1, Winter Mason2
1Department of Economics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.
概括
禁用Facebook和Instagram减少了在线政治参与. 虽然Facebook的停用并没有显著影响整体知识,但它可能会减少人们对新闻的认识和对错误信息的信念.
科学领域:
- 社会科学 社会科学 社会科学
- 政治科学 政治科学是指政治学.
- 沟通研究 沟通研究
背景情况:
- 像Facebook和Instagram这样的社交媒体平台显著影响政治话语和用户行为.
- 了解社交媒体使用对政治态度和行动的因果关系对民主进程至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查禁用Facebook和Instagram访问对用户的政治信仰,态度和行为的因果关系.
- 量化减少社交媒体曝光对政治参与,知识,错误信息信念和两极分化的影响.
主要方法:
- 一项随机对照试验,涉及19857名Facebook用户和15585名Instagram用户,他们在2020年美国大选前六周内禁用了他们的帐户.
- 衡量政治参与,一般新闻知识,对网上错误信息的信念,政治两极分化和与选举有关的态度.
主要成果:
- 禁用Facebook和Instagram显著降低了政治参与指数,主要是由于在线参与度下降.
- 禁用Facebook对整体知识没有显著影响,但表明一般新闻知识减少,并可能减少对在线错误信息的信任.
- 对情感和问题的两极化,选举合法性的感知,候选人的支持度和选民投票率的影响是可以忽略不计的,精确估计接近于零.
结论:
- 减少对主要社交媒体平台的访问可以减少政治参与,特别是在线参与.
- 虽然不显著地影响整体知识,但禁用Facebook可能会减轻暴露于错误信息的风险,并减少一般新闻意识.
- 该研究发现,社交媒体停用对更广泛的政治两极分化和选举相关结果的影响最小.
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