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相关概念视频

Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping02:05

Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping

People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about the way you...
Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination02:55

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who are...
Understanding the Self01:28

Understanding the Self

The self is a central aspect of human identity, encompassing an individual’s beliefs, emotions, perceptions, and experiences. It is a cognitive and psychological construct that enables individuals to interpret their traits and behaviors, influencing how they perceive themselves and interact with the world. While personality consists of stable and enduring characteristics, the self is shaped by self-perception and social experiences. This distinction highlights the dynamic nature of the self,...
Self-Serving Bias01:29

Self-Serving Bias

Self-serving bias is a cognitive phenomenon in which individuals attribute positive outcomes to internal factors such as their abilities, intelligence, or effort while attributing negative outcomes to external circumstances. This cognitive distortion helps maintain self-esteem but can also impede objective self-assessment.Theoretical Explanations of Self-Serving BiasTwo primary theories explain the self-serving bias: the cognitive explanation and the motivational explanation.The cognitive...
Motivational Bias01:25

Motivational Bias

Cognitive bias results from limitations in thinking and information processing, leading to systematic errors in judgment. Conversely, motivational bias stems from personal desires or emotions, causing distortions in perception to align with self-interest. Motivational bias influences how individuals perceive and attribute causes to events, often shaped by personal needs, goals, and self-esteem preservation. This bias can distort judgment, leading to inaccurate assessments of success, failure,...
First Impression01:09

First Impression

First impressions play a crucial role in social perception, shaping how individuals assess others in professional, academic, and interpersonal contexts. Psychological research highlights the significance of cognitive biases, such as the primacy and recency effects, which influence how people interpret and recall information.The Primacy Effect and Cognitive AnchoringThe primacy effect describes the tendency for initial information to impact judgment disproportionately. When individuals encounter...

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相关实验视频

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Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach
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枪支所有权因素和认知功能:一项初步研究

Darrin M Aase1, Stephanie McManimen2, Jarrod Hay2

  • 1Research and Development, VA Pacific Islands Health Care System, 3375 Koapaka Street, Suite B-220, Honolulu, HI, 96706, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, 3650 Olentangy River Road, Ste 310, Columbus, OH, 43214, USA.

Journal of psychiatric research
|May 13, 2024
PubMed
概括

为保护自己而拥有枪支与精神灵活性降低有关. 打算购买枪支与更多的精神症状相关,而不是认知变化. 这项研究使用客观认知任务来探索枪支所有权的影响.

关键词:
认知 认知是一种认知.枪支枪支的使用情况.神经心理学 神经心理学创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 是一种自杀自杀的自杀是自杀的自杀.威胁 威胁 威胁

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科学领域:

  • 心理学 心理学 心理学
  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 公共卫生 公共卫生

背景情况:

  • 以前的研究表明,枪支所有权和购买枪支的意图可能会破坏认知情感过程,可能会增加自杀风险.
  • 现有研究通常依赖于自我报告措施,需要客观的认知评估以获得更清晰的见解.
  • 了解枪支所有权的认知相关性对于公共卫生和自杀预防策略至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 在美国成年人中,调查枪支拥有以保护和有意购买枪支与客观认知表现之间的关联.
  • 检查与枪支所有权变量有关的决策,心理灵活性和情绪偏见.
  • 用客观措施澄清枪支所有权与认知情感状态之间的关系.

主要方法:

  • 一个由112名美国成年人组成的样本完成了评估决策,心理灵活性和情绪偏差的客观认知任务.
  • 参与者是在一个更大的调查研究之后通过ResearchMatch招募的.
  • 对认知表现进行了分析,与枪支拥有保护和打算在未来一年内购买枪支的意图有关.

主要成果:

  • 购买枪支的意图与认知功能无关,但与精神症状加剧有关.
  • 与不拥有枪支的人相比,为了保护自己而拥有枪支与精神灵活性下降有关.
  • 在保护性枪支所有者和非所有者之间,没有观察到决策或情绪偏见的显著差异.

结论:

  • 为保护自己而拥有枪支与精神灵活性降低有关,这表明潜在的认知改变.
  • 购买枪支的意图与精神症状有关,而不是直接的认知表现缺陷.
  • 这些发现提供了关于枪支所有权的客观认知数据,并突出了未来自杀风险和预防研究的领域.