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考古植物学证据支持在中美洲新热带地区长期使用土著
Alejandra I Domic1,2, Amber M VanDerwarker3, Heather B Thakar4
1Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA. aid4@psu.edu.
Scientific reports
|May 13, 2024
概括
在美洲,南瓜的化始于1万多年前,南瓜被用作船只. 后来,Cucurbita moschata和Cucurbita pepo被种植作为食物,导致作物多样化.
科学领域:
- 考古植物学 考古植物学
- 古老民族植物学.
- 化研究 化研究
背景情况:
- 黄瓜家族 (Cucurbitaceae) 在全球范围内具有生态,经济和文化意义.
- 黄瓜是美国热带地区最早种植的作物之一,但人们对它们的化过程知之甚少.
研究的目的:
- 重建人类在美国热带地区选择和种植Lagenaria siceraria,Cucurbita pepo和Cucurbita moschata的做法.
- 建立一个时间表,用于首次使用和随后化关键虫物种.
主要方法:
- 干燥的黄瓜种子,皮和茎的直接放射性碳测年.
- 考古学甲虫遗迹的形态分析.
- 种子大小和形状的多变量统计分析.
主要成果:
- 人类对拉格纳利亚和野生的使用始于大约在现在之前的10,950个日历年 (cal B.P. ),在美洲已知最古老的瓶可以追溯到公元前11,150-10,765年.
- 化的Cucurbita moschata出现在公元前4035年左右,随后化的Cucurbita pepo出现在公元前2190年左右.
- 考古学Cucurbita pepo表现出显著的变异性,至少代表了三种不同的品种,包括一个没有现代类型的品种.
结论:
- 美洲土著人使用的黄瓜起源于早期的全新纪.
- 晚期Holocene的农业复杂性涉及选择性育种,促进作物多样化和独特的南瓜品种的发展.
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