评估欧盟电池电动汽车的使用情况:基于成员国能源组合的比较研究
Denes Kocsis1, Judit T Kiss2, Istvan W Arpad3
1Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Debrecen, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
Heliyon
|May 14, 2024
概括
电池电动汽车 (BEV) 正在改变交通. 本研究评估了2011-2021年在欧盟的BEV可持续性,发现效率提高和二氧化碳排放减少,尽管存在国家差异.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 能源政策 能源政策
- 可持续的运输可持续的运输
背景情况:
- 交通运输部门正经历着向电池电动汽车 (BEV) 的重大转变.
- 评估BEV的可持续性对于全面了解该行业对环境的影响至关重要.
- 本研究解决了在欧盟内对电动汽车进行详细可持续性评估的需要.
研究的目的:
- 从2011年到2021年,评估电池电动汽车 (BEV) 在欧盟 (EU) 的可持续性.
- 分析欧盟27国总数据和各成员国的表现.
- 使用井到轮 (WTW) 方法评估特定能源的二氧化碳排放 (ε) 和总效率 (η总).
主要方法:
- 利用欧盟 (EU) 2011年至2021年期间的数据.
- 使用井到轮 (WTW) 方法计算特定能源二氧化碳排放量 (ε) 和总效率 (η总).
- 在六个类别中追踪成员国的年度电力组合:CCGT,热电厂,生物燃料,核电站,可再生能源和进口.
主要成果:
- 欧盟27国总体显示,在2011年至2021年期间,总效率增加了0.04 (从0.37到0.41) 和二氧化碳排放减少了29gCO2/MJmotion (从113到84gCO2/MJmotion).
- 欧盟2021年的二氧化碳排放 (ε) 大约是全球平均水平的一半.
- 在欧盟各成员国之间观察到可持续性指标的显著差异,重点关注人口最多的五个国家.
结论:
- 欧盟的电动汽车在过去十年中在能源效率和二氧化碳排放量方面取得了显著的改善.
- 尽管总体趋势积极,但成员国之间存在相当大的差异,突出显示了国家发电组合的影响.
- 这些发现强调了在评估电动移动的整体可持续性时考虑国家特定的能源景观的重要性.
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