身高和收入:墨西哥2000年至2018年的健康劳动回报
Juan Pablo Gutiérrez1, Stefano M Bertozzi2,3,4
1Center for Policy, Population & Health Research, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
PloS one
|May 14, 2024
概括
投资健康,以成年人的身高来衡量,可以显著提高墨西哥的收入和社会流动性. 这些健康投资给男女带来了积极的回报,尤其有利于穷人.
科学领域:
- 卫生经济学 卫生经济学
- 社会流动性研究 社会流动性研究
- 人力资本发展 人力资本发展
背景情况:
- 理论上,健康投资是为了增强社会流动性.
- 之前对墨西哥健康投资回报的研究结果不一致.
- 标准化的国家健康调查提供了关于健康和收入的纵向数据.
研究的目的:
- 估计墨西哥卫生投资的经济回报.
- 分析不同年 (2000,2006,2012,2018) 的健康回报趋势.
- 检查健康资本的性别特异性回报.
主要方法:
- 利用了墨西哥国家健康和营养调查的四波数据.
- 采用了Mincerian模型,包括OLS,Heckman,仪表变量和Heckman与仪表变量.
- 分析了成年人身高作为健康资本的代理,以及与劳动收入的相关性.
- 估计模型分别用于男性和女性.
主要成果:
- 在所有调查年中都观察到一致,显著和积极的健康回报.
- 恢复健康的结果显示,随着时间的推移,女性的情况与男性的情况相似,男性的情况不同.
- 2018年,女性每公分身高的回报率约为7.4%,男性为9.3%.
- 医疗投资似乎对穷人有不同的好处,可能提高社会流动性.
结论:
- 对儿童和青少年健康的投资,反映在成人身高上,可以促进墨西哥的社会流动性.
- 这些发现支持了健康资本在经济进步中的作用,特别是对弱势群体.
- 政策影响建议优先考虑健康和营养干预措施,以促进向上流动.
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