双极性障碍和精神分裂症:分立的疾病?
Micaela Dines1,2, Mariana Kes1,2, Delfina Ailán1,2
1Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva (INECO), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Frontiers in psychiatry
|May 15, 2024
概括
精神分裂症和双相情感障碍有相似之处,但有证据表明它们是不同的疾病. 遗传学,神经成像和认知方面的微妙差异支持单独的诊断,尽管人工智能可能会改进未来的区别.
科学领域:
- 精神病学和神经科学 精神病学和神经科学
- 心理健康研究 心理健康研究
- 临床心理学 临床心理学
背景情况:
- 精神分裂症和双相情感障碍表现出重叠的症状,遗传性和神经生物学,引发了关于它们的区别的争论.
- 了解这些疾病的病因产生对于准确的诊断和治疗至关重要.
- 本综述审查了共同和独特的发现,以澄清精神分裂症和双相情感障碍之间的关系.
研究的目的:
- 审查和综合目前关于精神分裂症和双相情感障碍之间的相似性和差异的证据.
- 探索遗传学,神经成像,认知和临床过程中的发现,以解决诊断的模两可.
- 评估精神分裂症和双相情感障碍是否代表连续性或是单独的实体.
主要方法:
- 使用PubMed和谷歌学者进行了叙事文献审查.
- 搜索术语包括"精神分裂症"",双极性障碍",以及与遗传学,神经成像,认知和流行病学相关的术语.
- 收录标准集中在英语或西班牙语的完整文章上,比较精神分裂症和双相情感障碍,或与健康对照.
主要成果:
- 证据支持精神分裂症和双相情感障碍的遗传性和环境影响.
- 神经成像揭示了微妙的,有模式的不规则性,而不是独特的标记,区分疾病.
- 认知特征有所不同,特别是在患病前的智力功能和执行功能方面,有着不同的损伤轨迹.
结论:
- 目前的证据有利于将精神分裂症和双相情感障碍作为单独的疾病,尽管有重叠的特征.
- 现有的研究工具可能缺乏准确性,无法最终区分它们.
- 未来的研究,可能利用人工智能和大数据,可以帮助克服诊断的不确定性.
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