在中国劳动人口中,职业体力活动与死亡率之间的关系中的城乡差异:来自全国性队列研究的证据
Jie Li1, Xiao Zhang2, Mei Zhang2
1School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific
|May 15, 2024
概括
高职业体力活动 (OPA) 与中国农村的较低死亡率有关,这与一些西方研究相反. 城市和农村之间的差异凸显了对体力活动量身定制的公共卫生指导方针的需要.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
背景情况:
- 新兴研究表明,职业体力活动 (OPA) 可能会带来健康风险,但证据尚不确定,特别是在非西方和农村环境中.
- 超过三分之一的中国人口生活在农村地区,在农村地区,OPA对健康的影响仍未得到充分研究.
- 这项研究调查了OPA与死亡率之间的关联在中国城市和农村人口中如何不同.
研究的目的:
- 检查职业体力活动 (OPA) 与所有原因和心血管疾病 (CVD) 死亡率之间的关联.
- 调查中国境内OPA-死亡率关系中的潜在城乡差异.
- 为了确定改变OPA和死亡率之间的关联的因素.
主要方法:
- 一项大型队列研究,涉及30650名城市和49674名农村成年人,来自2013-2014年中国慢性病和风险因素监测.
- 随访时间中位数为6.2年,死亡率数据来自国家死亡率监测系统.
- 使用多变量Cox比例危险模型和子组分析来评估关联和城乡差异.
主要成果:
- 在农村地区,与没有OPA相比,职业中度至剧烈体力活动 (MVPA) ≥40小时/周的工作成年人表现出明显较低的全因 (HR 0.60) 和心血管疾病死亡率 (HR 0.55).
- 在城市地区,高OPA和死亡率之间没有明显的关联 (所有原因P相互作用=0.036;CVDP相互作用=0.098).
- 妇女,非吸烟者和非职业体力活动较低的人群中,负面关联更强;高血压,心率和糖尿病是关键因素.
结论:
- 高水平的职业体力活动与增加的伤害无关,并且可能会在中国农村环境中防止死亡率.
- 在OPA和死亡率之间的关系中存在显著的城乡差异,需要具体的公共卫生建议.
- 关于体育活动的公共卫生指南应该考虑不同人口的独特职业和环境背景.
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