在自闭症儿童和兄弟姐妹中,与接受性和表达性语言相关的因素:系统性审查
Marjolein Muès1,2, Sarah Schaubroeck2, Ellen Demurie2
1Brain Development Lab, Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Autism & developmental language impairments
|May 15, 2024
概括
自闭症儿童和患自闭症可能性较高的兄弟姐妹 (EL-兄弟姐妹) 的语言能力各不相同. 这次审查确定了56个因素,包括联合注意力和非语言认知,影响语言发展以告知干预.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 语音和语言病理学 语言病理学
背景情况:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 在语言能力方面呈现出显著的异质性.
- 许多自闭症儿童和EL兄弟姐妹经历了语言缺陷,但根本原因尚未完全理解.
- 最近的研究,DSM-5之后的研究,旨在确定导致这种变化的因素.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和总结与自闭症儿童和EL兄弟姐妹的接受性和表达性语言相关的因素.
- 了解这些人群中语言发展的异质性.
- 为未来针对语言缺陷的干预策略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 在Embase,MEDLINE,Web of Science和Scopus中进行系统的文献搜索.
- 包括包括自闭症儿童 (通过DSM-5诊断,年龄 ≤7岁) 和EL兄弟姐妹的研究.
- 排除干预研究和缺乏明确语言措施的干预研究;使用纽卡斯尔-太华尺度评估偏差风险.
主要成果:
- 确定了影响语言能力的56个因素,并将其分类为生物,心理社会/环境和与年龄有关的/发展因素.
- 在研究中一致报告的关键因素包括联合注意力,非语言认知能力和正面脑电图功率.
- 这些因素在自闭症儿童和EL兄弟姐妹中都被观察到,突出了共同的发展影响.
结论:
- 多种因素导致自闭症的语言缺陷.
- 社会因素 (例如,共同注意),儿童特征 (例如,非语言认知) 和神经认知因素至关重要.
- 了解这些因素可以指导开发有针对性的干预措施,以减轻语言障碍.
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