Janet Alvarez1, J Joshua Smith2

  • 1Research Scholar, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, 1275 York Avenue | SR-201, New York, NY 10065, USA.

概括

直肠粘膜黑色素瘤是罕见的,往往晚诊断,并具有挑战性治疗. 目前的战略重点是手术切除,正在研究免疫疗法和高级病例的组合疗法.