野生草食动物和牛对非洲大草原火灾后的草本植被恢复有不同的影响
Sherril P Masudi1,2, Wilfred O Odadi3,4, Duncan M Kimuyu4,5
1Department of Animal Production, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
概括
草原生态系统从火灾中恢复过来,但野生动物和牲畜的草食对植被恢复率的影响不同. 牛草食增加了草富,而野生动物草食增加了火灾后的物种周转.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 牧场生态 牧场生态
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 火和食草是草原生态系统动态的关键驱动力.
- 了解对火灾后植被的差异性草食动物影响对于草原管理至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估牛和野生草食动物协会对火灾后草本植被覆盖面,物种丰富度和营业额的单独和联合影响.
- 为了研究不同的草食群体如何影响肯尼亚萨凡纳火灾后的植被恢复轨迹.
主要方法:
- 使用长期除草动物与牛和野生除草动物 (meso-和mega-) 的控制组合在规定的燃烧和未燃烧的萨凡纳地块中.
- 在五个采样期 (2013-2017年) 监测了草本植物覆盖面,物种丰富性和物种周转率.
主要成果:
- 燃烧最初减少了植被覆盖和丰富性,在15-27个月内观察到恢复,表明生态系统的弹性.
- 野生动物的草食延迟了草的恢复,而它的缺席则延迟了草的恢复.
- 仅仅牛的草食增加了草地物种的丰富性,但减少了被烧毁地区的物种丰富性.
- 野生类草食动物在被烧毁的地区增加了草类物种的交换量;巨型草食动物的影响是最小的.
结论:
- 草原生态系统对不常见的火灾具有弹性.
- 牛和野生中草食动物在火灾后的放牧不同影响草木植被恢复路径.
- 管理策略应考虑各种草食动物协会对沙原火灾后动态的不同影响.
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