通过排除,合并有意义的类和抽象的等价类
Ramon Marin1,2, Colin Harte1,2,3, Deisy das Graças de Souza1,2
1Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Brazil.
Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
|May 15, 2024
概括
这项研究表明,通过排斥学习可以在抽象概念和熟悉的图像之间建立有意义的联系. 这个过程被称为等效类形成,有助于理解排除学习的功能.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 行为心理学 行为心理学
背景情况:
- 等效类形成是理解人类如何学习刺激之间的复杂关系的一个关键概念.
- 以前的研究主要集中在直接学习上,对排斥在形成有意义的关联中的作用的探索较少.
研究的目的:
- 调查是否通过排除将抽象刺激与熟悉的图像联系起来可以建立一个有意义的等效类.
- 检查不同脱上下文的刺激对等级的形成和意义的影响.
主要方法:
- 十名参与者学习了与抽象刺激的条件歧视关系,以形成等效类.
- 然后,参与者使用有意义的单词 (牙医,面包师) 和伪词 (Tabilu) 学习了DA条件歧视.
- 测试涉及评估与实验前相关图像和已确定的等效类之间的衍生关系,使用不同的脱上下文的刺激.
主要成果:
- 参与者成功形成了等效类,并证明了刺激之间的衍生关系.
- 排除响应在两个条件中都是成功的,将脱离上下文的图片与与伪词相关的抽象刺激联系起来.
- 伪词所赋予的含义在条件2 (各种图片) 与条件1 (船只图片) 相比更为多样化.
结论:
- 排除学习是建立有意义的等效类的有效机制,即使是用抽象的刺激.
- 脱离上下文的刺激的性质可以影响等效类中的新词或伪词的含义一致性.
- 研究结果表明,排除学习在各种刺激控制条件下有效运作.
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