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免疫检查点抑制作为消除艾滋病毒的治疗策略:当前的见解和未来的方向

Jina Lee¹, James B Whitney

¹Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA.

Current opinion in HIV and AIDS

|May 15, 2024

概括

免疫检查点抑制剂 (ICI) 在活化HIV-1 (PLWH) 感染者T细胞功能方面表现有前途. 然而,它们影响艾滋病毒储存库的能力和安全问题需要进一步研究有效的艾滋病毒缓解策略.

科学领域:

免疫学免疫学免疫学
病毒学病毒学
治疗方法治疗方法

背景情况:

艾滋病毒-1感染引起了全球重大健康问题,目前的联合抗逆转录病毒疗法 (ART) 无法消除潜伏的病毒储存.
持久性炎症和免疫功能障碍发生在艾滋病毒-1 (PLWH) 感染者中,尽管有ART.
免疫检查点分子有助于免疫失调和HIV-1病毒的持续性.

研究的目的:

审查调节免疫检查点分子的治疗潜力,以增强PLWH中的免疫控制.
探索免疫检查点抑制剂 (ICI) 在增活T细胞和潜在地逆转HIV潜伏期方面的疗效.
更新关于ICI开发HIV-1缓解的当前知识,包括从临床前模型和临床试验的发现.

主要方法:

在HIV-1的临床前和临床研究中对几个ICI的评估.
对感染猿类免疫缺陷病毒 (SIV) 的 rhesus macaque 模型的研究结果的审查.
对PLWH临床试验数据的分析以及可溶性免疫检查点分子的作用.

主要成果:

在瘤学中ICI治疗的成功表明了治疗PLWH的潜力.
研究表明,ICI可以在HIV-1感染中重振耗尽的T细胞.
令人鼓舞的发现表明,ICI疗法增强了CD8+T细胞功能.

结论:

仅仅ICI对艾滋病毒储存库的影响仍然不确定.
安全问题和临床不良事件是艾滋病毒ICI发展的重大障碍.
需要进一步的研究来确定ICI的疗效和安全性,以实现HIV-1缓解.

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