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相关概念视频

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
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The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
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Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

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The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
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Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

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Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
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Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter? 
The chromatin
In combination with specialized DNA binding protein called Histones, the DNA double helix forms a compact DNA: protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin itself is further compacted into higher-order...
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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
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核活性蛋白结构调节了染色质的可访问性.

Buer Sen1, Zhihui Xie1, Michelle D Thomas2

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

Nature communications
|May 15, 2024
PubMed
概括

核活性动力学调节染色质可访问性和基因表达在介酶干细胞分化过程中. 使用CK666抑制动因分支会改变染色质结构和表观遗传标记,影响细胞命运.

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科学领域:

  • 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
  • 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
  • 干细胞生物学 干细胞生物学

背景情况:

  • 聚合的β-actin会影响色素的可访问性.
  • 核激素运输指导介质干细胞 (MSC) 的分化.
  • 动因动态在核组织和基因调节中发挥作用.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究actin重塑在调节染色质可访问性和MSC差异化中的作用.
  • 确定抑制特定的活性蛋白分支途径如何影响核活性蛋白结构和表观遗传修饰.
  • 探索核活性动力学和基因表达模式之间的关系.

主要方法:

  • 中介细胞干细胞 (MSC) 用CK666 (Arp2/3抑制剂) 和细胞素D (CytoD) 进行治疗.
  • 使用ATAC-seq.来评估染色体的可访问性.
  • 核动素结构和表观遗传标记 (H3K9me3,H3K27me3) 的可视化.
  • 进行了Arp4敲击,以研究其在转录中的作用.

主要成果:

  • 与CtoD效应不同的是,CK666治疗降低了核激素结构和改变了染色质可访问性 (ATAC-seq).
  • Arp2/3抑制减少了周心H3K9me3标记,而CytoD重新分配了H3K27me3标记.
  • Arp4的淘汰导致了染色质的解封,但转录的增加只是适度的.
  • 观察到的染色体景观变化与差异性基因表达和差异化模式相关.

结论:

  • 动态动因重塑是染色质相互作用和可访问性的关键调节器.
  • 特定的actin分支路径对核actin结构和表观遗传修饰有不同的影响.
  • 核激素动力学对于通过染色体调节指导介酶干细胞分化至关重要.