教育与中国人口过早死亡之间的关联:一项为期10年的队列研究
Jifei Wang1,2, Zhenping Zhao2, Jing Yang2
1Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific
|May 16, 2024
概括
在中国,低教育程度显著增加了过早死亡的风险,尤其是女性和城市居民. 收入是关键的调解因素,突出了针对性公共卫生干预措施的必要性,以减少这些教育不平等.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 健康的社会决定因素
背景情况:
- 在全球范围内,教育不平等与过早死亡有关,但国家特定的证据至关重要.
- 以前的研究表明,不同国家的教育和死亡率之间存在不同的关系.
- 了解中国的这些差异对于公共卫生政策至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查中国人口中教育程度和过早死亡率之间的关联.
- 使用最近的数据量化早期死亡中教育不平等程度的程度.
- 探索收入,生活方式因素和城市化在这种关系中的调解作用.
主要方法:
- 通过连接两个数据库,建立了一个基于人口的十年队列 (2010-2020年).
- 考克斯比例危险回归和竞争风险模型被用于分析所有原因和特定原因死亡率.
- 计算了人口归因分数 (PAF) 和风险因素 (收入,吸烟,饮食) 的中介分析.
主要成果:
- 与高中学历或更高学历的人相比,低于小学教育的个人有1.93倍的过早全因死亡风险.
- 观察到的最高危险比率 (HR) 是由于呼吸系统疾病导致的死亡 (HR=3.09).
- 在妇女和城市人口中,低教育的过度风险更大,收入介于该协会的23.0% (男性) 和11.1% (女性).
结论:
- 低教育程度是中国过早死亡的重要风险因素,尤其影响妇女和城市居民.
- 教育不平等在很大程度上导致了整体死亡负担,需要有针对性的公共卫生干预措施.
- 解决社会经济因素,特别是收入,对于减轻与教育相关的死亡率差异至关重要.
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