美国人对禁忌和自我审查的看法 心理学教授 心理学教授
Cory J Clark1, Matias Fjeldmark2, Louise Lu3
1School of Arts and Sciences, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania.
概括
心理学教授对禁忌的科学话题持有两极分化的观点,对其真实性存在强烈的分歧. 对社会制裁和自我审查的恐惧很普遍,可能会扭曲对科学共识的看法.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 学术文化 学术文化
背景情况:
- 学术自由和公开讨论对于科学进步至关重要.
- 然而,心理学中的某些经验性主张面临着重大的争议和辩论.
- 这可能导致学者们对主张及其治疗的观点产生两极分化.
研究的目的:
- 调查美国心理学教授之间的冲突和共识的程度.
- 检查关于有争议的经验性主张的信念,以及应该如何对待这种学术和学者.
- 了解对有争议的主张的信心与自我审查之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 2021年进行了定性访谈 (n=41).
- 美国心理学教授的定量调查 (N=470) 是从采访数据开发出来的.
- 该调查评估了人们对禁忌结论的信仰和人们对有争议的学术研究的态度.
主要成果:
- 关于10个有争议的经验性主张的真相地位存在深刻的分歧.
- 对禁忌结论表达更高信心的教授报告了更大的自我审查.
- 报告说,人们普遍担心表达经验信念的社会制裁,这影响了定职和非定职教师.
- 大多数教授反对压制学术奖学金或基于道德上的反对而惩罚同行.
结论:
- 在心理学中,关于有争议的话题,存在着显著的两极分化和自我审查.
- 对社会制裁的恐惧可能会扭曲对这些问题的科学共识.
- 虽然大多数人反对审查,但人口因素 (年龄,政治倾向,性别) 与反对有争议的学术研究相关.
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