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在视觉搜索过程中,通过短期记忆进行自上向下指导的顺序指数与年龄相关的差异

Doug J K Barrett¹, Claire V Hutchinson¹, Fengjun Zhang²

¹School of Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester.

Psychology and aging

|May 16, 2024

概括

与年轻人相比,老年人对视觉搜索的上下信息使用情况有所下降,犯错误的次数更多,寻找目标的时间更长. 这会影响视觉任务中的注意力控制.

科学领域:

认知心理学认知心理学
衰老的神经科学衰老的神经科学
视觉感知视觉感知视觉感知

背景情况:

衰老与视觉搜索速度和准确性降低有关,部分原因是感觉和处理速度下降.
与上下注意力控制的年龄相关的变化不太了解,但对视觉搜索性能至关重要.

研究的目的:

在视觉搜索过程中调查与年龄相关的上下注意力控制的差异.
为了比较年轻 (YA) 和年长 (OA) 成年人使用颜色线索来指导顺序抽样的能力.

主要方法:

参与者执行视觉搜索任务与兰道尔特刺激,不同的目标颜色和提示有效性.
用单个目标 (有效颜色提示) 和双目标 (模两可的颜色提示) 条件测量了顺序采样速度和准确性.

主要成果:

与年轻人相比,老年人在单个目标搜索中对未加热的颜色做出了更多的冲刺.
对于年长的成年人来说,有效的颜色线索的时间优势比年轻的成年人要小.

结论:

老年人对利用上下信息来集中视觉搜索的使用情况有所下降.
这种与年龄相关的注意力控制缺陷会影响视觉搜索策略的效率.

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