发育性语言障碍的成年人和典型语言的成年人在模拟审讯期间感知到的内和清白
Tammie J Spaulding1, Audra Blewitt2
1Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States.
Journal of communication disorders
|May 16, 2024
概括
陪审团错误地判处患有发育性语言障碍 (DLD) 的成年人比具有典型语言 (TL) 的成年人更频繁. 尽管准确度差,但陪审员仍然对有罪和无罪判决充满信心.
科学领域:
- 法医心理学 法医心理学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 法律决策 - 法律决策
背景情况:
- 发育性语言障碍 (DLD) 影响语言理解和表达.
- 患有DLD的人可能会在法律环境中面临挑战,这会影响判断的准确性.
- 了解法律决策中的偏见对于公平审判至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查DLD和典型语言 (TL) 运作的成年人之间有罪/无罪判决的差异.
- 评估同行陪审员判断的准确性和信心.
- 在对DLD个体的法律评估中识别潜在的偏见.
主要方法:
- 24名成年人 (12 DLD, 12 TL) 参与了模拟犯罪场景 (有罪/无罪条件).
- 同级陪审员观看了被指控人质询的视频.
- 陪审员做出了明确的判断 (有罪/无罪),并报告了信心水平.
主要成果:
- 陪审员在判决中表现出了整体的不准确性.
- 与TL相比,患有DLD的人更有可能被判有罪.
- 陪审员在确定无辜的DLD个人为无罪和有罪的TL个人为有罪时特别不准确.
结论:
- 同龄陪审员对自己的判断表现出过度的自信,特别是对于患有DLD的成年人.
- 这种过度自信,加上偏见的判断,对法律体系有重大影响.
- 需要进一步的研究来解决这些偏见,并确保公平的法律结果.
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