自闭症青少年的功能技能和日常生活任务管理中的与年龄相关的变化
Yeook Kim1, Elizabeth G S Munsell2, Wendy J Coster3
1Yeook Kim, CScD, OTR/L, is PhD Student, Department of Occupational Therapy, Boston University, Boston, MA; yeokim@bu.edu.
概括
自闭症青少年表现出较低的功能技能,但随着时间的推移而得到改善. 这些技能是成年期过渡期间干预的关键目标.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学是发展心理学.
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 研究研究
- 为青年提供过渡服务.
背景情况:
- 高中毕业的自闭症青年经常面临独立性和日常生活技能方面的挑战.
- 对于自闭症个体在关键的过渡到成年期期间,功能和自我管理能力的纵向变化存在有限的研究.
研究的目的:
- 研究不同过渡年龄的自闭症青少年之间功能和自我管理技能的横截面差异.
- 检查自闭症青少年在18个月的时间内这些技能的纵向进展.
主要方法:
- 采用了一个探索性的纵向研究设计,收集了超过18个月的数据.
- 参与者包括50名自闭症高中毕业生及其父母,从社区环境中招募.
- 儿科残疾评估库存-计算机适应性测试 (ASD) 用于测量功能和自我管理技能.
主要成果:
- 年长的自闭症青年 (18-20岁) 在社会/认知和责任领域的得分明显低于年轻的同龄人 (14-17岁).
- 在2年的随访期间,在日常活动和责任等级分数的两个年龄组中都观察到显著的改善.
- 尽管有所改善,自闭症青年的技能仍然低于非自闭症同龄人的技能.
结论:
- 自闭症青少年的功能和自我管理技能,虽然最初低于非自闭症同龄人,但随着时间的推移显示出发展的潜力.
- 这些技能是治疗干预措施的可行目标,旨在增强自闭症成年人的独立性.
- 职业治疗师可以通过评估需求并为自闭症青少年提供量身定制的干预措施来促进成人独立.
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