大型语言模型对神经病理护理质量和效率的影响:神经病学新兴问题
Lidia Moura1, David T Jones1, Irfan S Sheikh1
1From the Center for Value-based Health Care and Sciences (L.M.), and Department of Neurology (L.M., S.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Harvard Medical School (L.M., S.M.), Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (D.T.J., L.K.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (I.S.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Department of Neurology (M.K.), University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (B.R.K.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Information Technology Division (A.L.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Pediatrics (Z.M.G.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; American Academy of Neurology (H.M.S.), Minneapolis, MN; and The Center for Clinical Excellence (A.D.P.), Nationwide Children's Hospital, Division of Neurology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus.
大型语言模型 (LLM) 在神经学中提供了人工智能驱动的潜力,但面临临临床挑战. 解决推理,偏见和成本方面的局限性对于安全有效地整合到患者护理中至关重要.
科学领域:
- 人工智能 (AI) 在神经病学中
- 临床信息学 临床信息学
- 卫生技术评估 卫生技术评估
背景情况:
- 大型语言模型 (LLM) 展示了先进的语言处理能力,这表明它在神经学中的实用性.
- 在动态的临床环境中应用LLMs存在重大不确定性和风险.
- 现有的研究突出了LLM的潜力,但缺乏对临床整合挑战的全面分析.
研究的目的:
- 概述在临床神经病学中实施LLMs的局限性和挑战.
- 为医疗机构,研究人员和神经病学家提供关于LLM采用的考虑.
- 引导人工智能在神经保健中的负责任和有效整合.
主要方法:
- 审查当前的LLM能力和限制在医疗保健环境.
- 分析潜在的偏见,包括可重现性,自我服务和赞助偏见.
- 对人工智能实施的业务,基础设施和伦理考虑进行审查.
主要成果:
- 确定了关键挑战:临床推理有限,准确度可变,并有可能加剧健康差异.
- 突出实际障碍:成本,基础设施需求和利益相关者的参与.
- 强调测试,验证,培训和持续监测对于成功的AI集成的重要性.
结论:
- 成功的LLM整合需要医疗保健组织向AI的文化转变.
- 神经科医生必须优先考虑患者数据隐私和对AI偏见的警.
- 遵守道德准则和监管合规对于人工智能在神经学中的研究和应用至关重要.
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