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Common Respiratory Disorders01:31

Common Respiratory Disorders

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Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
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Asthma, a common chronic respiratory condition, is classified considering the frequency and severity of symptoms alongside lung function impairment. Understanding this classification is essential for appropriate treatment and management. Here's a detailed look at the classification of asthma and its clinical features and complications:
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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
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Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

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Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
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Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
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Author Spotlight: Advancing Allergic Rhinitis Research with Multicolor Immunofluorescence
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嗅觉功能障碍在过敏性鼻炎中的患病率和程度

Marco A Fornazieri1,2,3,4, Ellen C D Garcia1, Ricardo H Montero1

  • 1Department of Surgery, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil.

American journal of rhinology & allergy
|May 17, 2024
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概括

过敏性鼻炎 (AR) 显著增加了嗅觉功能障碍的流行率. 虽然AR影响气味,但它不能可靠地区分症状严重程度或过敏原类型,这表明潜在的OE变化需要更多的研究.

关键词:
过敏原 过敏原 过敏原疾病的严重程度.埃索诺菲尔细胞的存在微小症 (microsmia) 是一种微小症.嗅觉 嗅觉是一种嗅觉.嗅觉功能障碍 嗅觉功能障碍嗅觉上皮质是一种嗅觉上皮质.患病率的流行情况.鼻炎是一种鼻炎.嗅觉 嗅觉 感知 嗅觉 感知

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科学领域:

  • 耳鼻喉科 耳鼻喉科 耳鼻喉科
  • 过敏学 过敏学
  • 嗅觉研究 嗅觉研究

背景情况:

  • 众所周知,过敏性鼻炎 (AR) 会影响气味,但患病率和影响严重程度尚不清楚.
  • 现有研究显示,AR患者嗅觉功能障碍的患病率估计有所不同.
  • 了解AR和嗅觉障碍之间的联系对于患者管理至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 量化AR患者的嗅觉功能障碍患病率.
  • 评估嗅觉测试是否可以区分AR严重程度或ARIA分类.
  • 调查过敏原对嗅觉和OE变化的特定影响.

主要方法:

  • 在133名AR患者和100名对照人群中比较了嗅觉功能 (UPSIT®分数).
  • 使用免疫光检测细胞标记物的嗅觉上皮质 (OE) 的检查.
  • 分析了神经元活动,细胞亡,氧化应激和炎症的标志物.

主要成果:

  • 复发性肺炎患者的嗅觉功能障碍率 (42.9%) 比对照组 (9%) 高得多.
  • 根据AR持久性,严重程度或过敏原类型,没有发现嗅觉能力的显著差异.
  • 趋势表明AR患者的OE中氨酸和cAMP的增加和降低,尽管在统计学上不显著.

结论:

  • 嗅觉功能障碍在AR患者中更为普遍,但测试可能无法区分AR严重程度或特定过敏原敏感性.
  • 新出现的证据表明,AR患者的OE可能存在病理生理学变化.
  • 需要进一步的研究来确认OE变化及其对AR的临床影响.