对环境变化的表型塑性反应比生命史理论预测的要复杂得多
Abigail M Hayes1,2, Amy M Worthington3, Mark Lavine1
1Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States.
概括
环境因素影响昆虫翅膀的发育. 这项研究发现,在 (Gryllus firmus) 中,压力信号,如有限的食物或寄生虫,矛盾地增加了无法飞行的形态,暗示了生理上的约束.
科学领域:
- 昆虫生物学 昆虫生物学
- 发育生物学是发展生物学.
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
背景情况:
- 昆虫的翅膀多功能性是一种适应性发育可塑性,环境信号决定了成人的翅膀形态.
- 在半角动物 (例如,虫,植物) 中,压力通常有利于能够飞行的变形体,而良性条件有利于无法飞行的变形体.
- 在各种各样的昆虫种群中,这些环境标志-形态关系的普遍性,如Orthoptera (),仍然没有得到充分的研究.
研究的目的:
- 用实验来测试影响半球动物翅膀多功能性的环境线索 (食物量,寄生虫感染,触觉线索) 是否也会在非半球动物物种中决定形态的确定.
- 调查Gryllus firmus的生命史和生理约束在应对环境变化的作用.
主要方法:
- 实验性操纵食物数量 (压力与非压力条件).
- 引入寄生虫感染作为生物压力因素.
- 在开发过程中应用触觉线索.
- 在Gryllus firmus中观察和量化成年翅膀形态的发展.
主要成果:
- 严重的饮食限制和寄生虫感染导致Gryllus firmus.中无法飞行的形态的产量增加.
- 这与在半动物物种中观察到的典型反应形成鲜明对比,其中压力有利于飞行能力的变形.
- 这些发现表明,生理和遗传因素可以限制对环境变化的适应性反应.
结论:
- 基于环境暗示的翅膀多功能性决定在昆虫种群中并不普遍存在.
- 生理和遗传约束对生物体适应其发展环境变化的能力起着重要作用.
- 仅仅是生命史上的权衡并不能完全解释翅膀多的适应性可塑性.
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