通过亲和力成熟的公共抗体进行广泛的SARS-CoV-2交叉中和的结构基础
Daniel J Sheward1, Pradeepa Pushparaj2, Hrishikesh Das3
1Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Medical Virology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Cell reports. Medicine
|May 18, 2024
概括
来自祖先SARS-CoV-2感染的抗体可以中和Omicron变种. 这些广泛中和抗体,如CAB-A17,为新疗法提供了潜在的治疗方法,以对抗正在演变的严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 结构生物学 结构生物学
背景情况:
- 严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron变种及其子系是目前大多数感染的原因.
- 欧米克朗的尖端糖蛋白已经显著演变,导致现有疫苗和单克隆抗体疗法的疗效降低.
- 了解先前存在的抗体如何能够中和这些不同的变体,对于开发有效的对策至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 识别和表征由祖先SARS-CoV-2感染引起的广泛中和抗体.
- 调查这些抗体对Omicron亚系的交叉中和的结构基础.
- 确定抗体亲和力成熟在实现SARS-CoV-2广泛中和方面的作用.
主要方法:
- 从感染祖先SARS-CoV-2菌株的个体中分离公开的单克隆抗体 (mAbs).
- 对Omicron亚系 (BA.1,BA.2,BA.4/BA.5) 的抗体中和幅度的评估.
- 深度突变扫描以评估抗体对病毒逃逸的抵抗力.
- 低温电子显微镜用于对抗体-尖端蛋白质复合物的结构分析.
- 重新引入体质突变到生殖系逆转抗体中,以研究亲和力成熟.
主要成果:
- 已识别的抗体,包括来自祖先的SARS-CoV-2感染的CAB-A17,显示出对Omicron亚系的强烈交叉中和.
- 深度突变扫描表明这些mAbs对病毒逃生突变具有很高的抵抗力.
- 冷-电磁波结构分析揭示了CAB-A17对Omicron BA.1尖端的广泛中和活性背后的分子机制.
- 实体性突变被证明对开发这种抗体类别的交叉中和能力至关重要.
结论:
- 由祖先的SARS-CoV-2感染引起的抗体可以对当前的Omicron变种提供广泛的保护.
- 对CAB-A17等广泛中和抗体的结构性见解可以指导下一代疫苗和治疗方法的开发.
- 通过亲和成熟抗体向保存的表位,代表了对抗像SARS-CoV-2这样快速演变的病毒的有希望的策略.
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