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Plastic Deformations01:19

Plastic Deformations

129
Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
129
Plasticity00:58

Plasticity

2.1K
Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
2.1K
Plastic Behavior01:21

Plastic Behavior

196
A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
196
Bioremediation00:46

Bioremediation

18.3K
Bioremediation is the use of prokaryotes, fungi, or plants to remove pollutants from the environment. This process has been used to remove harmful toxins in groundwater as a byproduct of agricultural run-off and also to clean up oil spills.
18.3K
Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

2.2K
The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the...
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Primary Production01:06

Primary Production

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The total amount of energy acquired by primary producers in an ecosystem is called gross primary production (GPP). However, of this energy, producers use some for metabolic processes, and some is lost as heat, decreasing the amount of energy available to the next trophic level. The remaining usable amount of energy is called the net primary productivity (NPP). In terrestrial ecosystems, NPP is driven by climate, while light penetration and nutrient availability drive NPP in aquatic ecosystems.
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 26, 2025

Extraction of Organochlorine Pesticides from Plastic Pellets and Plastic Type Analysis
10:12

Extraction of Organochlorine Pesticides from Plastic Pellets and Plastic Type Analysis

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确定塑料污染热点的定义

Paolo F Tasseron1, Tim H M van Emmerik2, Paul Vriend3

  • 1Hydrology and Environmental Hydraulics Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Metropolitan Solutions, 1018 JA Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

The Science of the total environment
|May 19, 2024
PubMed
概括

识别塑料污染热点对于有效的环境战略至关重要. 本研究提出了一个统一定义的框架,确保一致和有针对性的减少塑料废弃物的努力.

关键词:
环境治理环境治理国际政策条约 国际政策条约海洋垃圾是海洋垃圾.塑料污染问题 塑料污染问题防止和减少塑料的使用废物管理 废物管理

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Sampling, Sorting, and Characterizing Microplastics in Aquatic Environments with High Suspended Sediment Loads and Large Floating Debris
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Sampling, Sorting, and Characterizing Microplastics in Aquatic Environments with High Suspended Sediment Loads and Large Floating Debris

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Separation and Identification of Conventional Microplastics from Farmland Soils
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Separation and Identification of Conventional Microplastics from Farmland Soils

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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2025

Extraction of Organochlorine Pesticides from Plastic Pellets and Plastic Type Analysis
10:12

Extraction of Organochlorine Pesticides from Plastic Pellets and Plastic Type Analysis

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Sampling, Sorting, and Characterizing Microplastics in Aquatic Environments with High Suspended Sediment Loads and Large Floating Debris
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Sampling, Sorting, and Characterizing Microplastics in Aquatic Environments with High Suspended Sediment Loads and Large Floating Debris

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Separation and Identification of Conventional Microplastics from Farmland Soils
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Separation and Identification of Conventional Microplastics from Farmland Soils

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科学领域:

  • 环境科学 环境科学
  • 生态生态学 生态生态学
  • 环境政策 环境政策

背景情况:

  • 塑料污染对生态系统和人类健康构成重大全球威胁.
  • 有效的减缓需要识别和优先考虑塑料污染热点.
  • 目前定义热点的方法缺乏一致性和明确的界限.

研究的目的:

  • 在不同的尺度上分析塑料热点定义的变化.
  • 为定义塑料热点提出一个标准化,逐步的框架.
  • 促进更有效的塑料污染预防和减少战略.

主要方法:

  • 将四个常见热点定义应用于各种塑料污染数据集 (从城市到全球).
  • 评估了不同定义对已确定热点的范围和位置的影响.
  • 开发了一个基于目的,单位,空间/时间尺度和值的框架.

主要成果:

  • 热点的定义有很大的差异,涵盖了0.8%~93.3%的塑料污染和<0.1%~50.3%的地点.
  • 在热点识别中观察到显著的时间不一致.
  • 拟议的框架为定义塑料热点提供了一种协调的方法.

结论:

  • 为了确定塑料污染热点,必须采用统一且适合目的的方法.
  • 开发的框架为一致的热点划分提供了明确的标准.
  • 标准化的热点识别将提高资源分配和缓解效率.