相关实验视频
Updated: Jun 26, 2025

06:48
Breakfast Habits among Schoolchildren in the City of Uruguaiana, Brazil
Published on: July 29, 2020
4.5K
预防12至18岁儿童肥胖的干预措施
Francesca Spiga1, Eve Tomlinson1, Annabel L Davies1
1Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
|May 19, 2024
概括
这次审查发现,饮食干预对青少年肥胖的影响很小. 活动干预措施可能会随着时间的推移为体重指数 (BMI) 带来很小的好处,但综合饮食和活动方法的影响最小.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
- 基于证据的医学基于证据的医学.
背景情况:
- 青少年肥胖是一个重要的全球公共卫生问题,在许多地区的患病率超过25%.
- 干预措施通常集中在饮食,体育活动,久坐行为或睡眠上,以管理能量平衡.
- 关于青少年各种肥胖预防策略有效性的现有证据需要更新综合.
研究的目的:
- 评估改变饮食摄入量或"活动"水平的干预措施对青少年体重指数 (BMI),zBMI和严重不良事件的影响.
- 评估旨在预防12至18岁青少年肥胖的干预措施.
主要方法:
- 对涉及青少年 (12-18岁) 的随机对照试验 (RCT) 的系统审查和元分析.
- 通过使用标准的Cochrane方法来搜索到2023年2月的广泛数据库.
- 包括74项研究 (83,407名参与者);评估的结果是BMI,zBMI和各种随访期间的严重不良事件.
主要成果:
- 饮食干预措施对BMI和zBMI在短期,中期和长期随访中表现非常不确定或几乎没有影响.
- 活动干预表明,在中长期内,它们不会降低zBMI,但在中长期内可能略有降低BMI (低确定性).
- 综合饮食和活动干预表明,在所有随访期间,在BMI上几乎没有影响的高到中等确定性.
结论:
- 饮食干预似乎对预防青少年肥胖无效.
- 活动干预措施可能在中长期内提供一个小的BMI好处,但证据的确定性很低.
- 综合干预产生最小的差异;对社区环境和特定人群需要进一步研究.
相关概念视频
Obesity
456
The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
456
Preventive Healthcare Services
1.0K
Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
1.0K
Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention
12.6K
Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
In primary prevention, actions taken before disease onset prevent the disease from...
In primary prevention, actions taken before disease onset prevent the disease from...
12.6K
Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention II
1.6K
The person's health status fluctuates continually, varying from being in good health to becoming ill and returning to being healthy. To understand the concept of illness prevention, there are two models. First, the health-illness continuum model is a graphic representation of an individual's wellness. It states that a person is considered healthy in the absence of physical disease and the presence of good emotional health.
The agent-host-environment model states that disease results...
The agent-host-environment model states that disease results...
1.6K
Binge Eating Disorders
62
Binge eating disorder is a significant mental health condition characterized by recurrent episodes of excessive food consumption within a short period, accompanied by a perceived loss of control over eating behavior. Unlike occasional overeating, binge eating disorder is marked by distressing emotions such as guilt, shame, and anxiety following binge episodes. The disorder affects individuals across different ages and backgrounds, with profound implications for physical and psychological...
62
Regulation of Food Intake
220
Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
220

