抗肥胖和抗糖尿病生物活性:对其来源,特性和技术功能挑战的全面审查
Tolulope Joshua Ashaolu1, Opeyemi Joshua Olatunji2, Asli Can Karaca3
1Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam; Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam.
Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)
|May 19, 2024
概括
肥胖和2型糖尿病 (T2D) 影响全球数百万人. 本综述探讨了天然化合物,特别是生物活性,作为这些代谢障碍的替代疗法,重点关注它们的机制和应用.
科学领域:
- 代谢障碍 代谢障碍 代谢障碍
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
背景情况:
- 全球肥胖和2型糖尿病 (T2D) 患病率正在上升,需要超越当前药物治疗的新疗法策略.
- 像orlistat这样的现有治疗方法存在局限性,包括滥用和副作用的可能性.
- 肠道微生物群在肥胖和T2D发病过程中起着重要作用.
研究的目的:
- 综合审查肥胖与T2D之间的联系.
- 探索天然的抗肥胖和抗糖尿病化合物,专注于生物活性.
- 详细介绍这些的来源,生产,结构功能关系和技术功能应用.
主要方法:
- 科学数据库的文献审查.
- 对导致肥胖和T2D的机制的分析.
- 对天然化合物的检查,包括抗肥胖生物活性 (AOBPs) 和抗糖尿病生物活性 (ADBPs).
主要成果:
- 肥胖和T2D是相互关联的代谢障碍,受饮食和肠道微生物群的影响.
- 自然化合物,特别是AOBPs和ADBPs,显示出作为替代治疗剂的希望.
- 了解这些的结构功能,胃肠道行为和作用机制对于它们的应用至关重要.
结论:
- 生物活性为开发肥胖和T2D的替代疗法提供了一个有希望的途径.
- 对AOBPs和ADBPs技术功能应用的进一步研究可以带来创新的健康解决方案.
- 用天然化合物向肠道微生物群和代谢途径,为管理这些广泛传播的疾病提供了一个可行的策略.
相关概念视频
Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists
318
Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
318
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors
181
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a...
181
Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation
373
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment...
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment...
373
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones
192
Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood...
192
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides
153
Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively...
153
Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors
2.4K
Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:
2.4K


