安第斯山脉水资源中的金属的生态风险:秘鲁采矿项目的早期环境评估框架
Simón B Moreno-Aguirre1, Jacinto J Vértiz-Osores2, Christian E Paredes-Espinal3
1Master's Program in Water Resources, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, UNALM, Lima, Peru.
Heliyon
|May 20, 2024
概括
安第斯山脉的采矿污染了水的重金属,造成了生态风险. 一个经过调整的生态风险评估 (ERA) 确定了水生生物,特别是来自铜和铁的高风险,强调了有针对性的污染控制的需要.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 生态毒理学 生态毒理学
- 水生生态学 水生生态学
背景情况:
- 安第斯山脉的采矿活动会将金属污染物释放到水资源中.
- 这些污染物对水生生态系统和环境合规性构成重大风险.
- 监管机构在监测和管理这些风险方面面临挑战.
研究的目的:
- 调整生态风险评估 (ERA) 框架,以评估安第斯山脉地表水中的重金属污染.
- 识别,分析,描述和比较不同热带水平 (微藻,动物浮游生物,盆地无脊椎动物,鱼类) 的风险.
- 评估适应的ERA在安第斯高山水生态系统中的有效性.
主要方法:
- 利用6个采矿项目附近的283个地表水监测站的数据.
- 使用早期环境评估 (EEA) 报告的应用标准和非参数统计测试.
- 估计的个体风险 (IR) 和总风险 (TR) 使用分数模型和附加概率规则.
主要成果:
- 彩虹鱼 (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 对铁 (Fe) 和铜 (Cu) 的敏感性最高.
- 个体风险排名:Fe > Cu > Zn > Mn > Pb (p < 0.01). 它们的风险排名是:
- 在雨季,总体风险更高;50%的站点显示高风险,9%的站点显示极高风险 (Cu,Fe).
结论:
- 经过调整的ERA框架有效地识别了安第斯水生生态系统中的关键金属污染点.
- 高水平的和铁污染带来了重大风险,特别是在雨季.
- 建议进行进一步的研究,以将污染源与特定的监管行动联系起来.
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