系统综述和元分析:注意力缺陷/多动障碍和自闭症谱系障碍的相对年龄
Eleni Frisira1, Josephine Holland2, Kapil Sayal1
1Institute of Mental Health, School of Medicine, Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Nottingham, Innovation Park, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, UK.
European child & adolescent psychiatry
|May 20, 2024
概括
最年轻的学生更有可能被诊断为注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 或接受药物治疗. 这种相对年龄效应似乎也与自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 诊断有关.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 儿童精神病学 儿童精神病学
- 教育心理学教育心理学
背景情况:
- 相对年龄效应描述了在入学截止日期之前出生的孩子如何成为班级中最年轻的孩子,不成比例地被诊断为注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD).
- 现有研究已广泛研究了关于ADHD的这种效应,但它对自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 诊断的影响仍未得到充分研究.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和分析有关相对年龄与ADHD症状,诊断和药物治疗之间的关系的现有证据.
- 检查相对年龄和自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 诊断之间的潜在关联,这是以前没有审查的领域.
主要方法:
- 按照PRISMA指南进行了系统审查和元分析,并对PROSPERO进行了潜在的注册.
- 在七个主要的学术数据库中进行了搜索,并通过对评论的手动参考检查进行了补充.
- 包括32项研究:31项专注于ADHD,2项专注于自闭症. 量化数据进行了元分析.
主要成果:
- 较年轻的相对年龄与ADHD诊断 (RR 1.38) 和ADHD药物处方 (RR 1.28) 的增加显著相关,尽管注意到了高异质性.
- 在教师报告的ADHD症状中明显存在相对年龄的影响,但在家长报告的症状中却没有.
- 在学年中最年轻的孩子更有可能被诊断为ASD.
结论:
- 这项研究证实了ADHD诊断和药物治疗中相对年龄的显著影响,可能受到教师与家长症状评级的差异的影响.
- 有证据表明,对于自闭症谱系障碍的诊断可能存在类似的相对年龄效应.
- 建议进行进一步的研究,以探索相对年龄和自闭症之间的细微关系.
相关概念视频
01:30Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
55
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
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01:19Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
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01:26Modeling in Therapy
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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
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Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
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