胡州百日咳的血清流行病学:基于人口的横截面研究
Yan Liu1, Chao Zhang1, Yuda Wang1
1Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou, China.
PloS one
|May 20, 2024
概括
胡州市的百日咳感染率很高,观察到疫苗免疫力下降. 建议加强青少年和成年人的监测和更新免疫策略,以打击百日咳的复发.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 百日咳 (百日咳) 正在全球复苏,挑战现有的疾病监测方法.
- 了解 pertussis 的血清流行病学概况对于有效的预防和控制至关重要.
- 目前的监测可能无法完全捕捉一般人群中百日咳感染的真正负担.
研究的目的:
- 在湖州市一般人口中调查百日咳感染的血清流行病学特征.
- 为了评估百日咳感染的流行率和抗体水平.
- 为改进百日咳预防和控制策略提供数据驱动的见解.
主要方法:
- 从2023年9月到10月,在湖州市进行了一项横截面血清调查,涉及1015名居民.
- 血清样本使用酶相关免疫吸收试验 (ELISA) 分析了百日咳毒素IgG抗体 (Anti-PT-IgG).
- 分析包括几何平均度 (GMC),感染率和抗体水平 (<5 IU/mL,≥40 IU/mL,≥100 IU/mL),按年龄和疫苗接种史分层.
主要成果:
- 抗PT-IgG的整体几何平均度 (GMC) 为10.52 IU/mL,最近感染率为1.58%和40.49%的比例为<5 IU/mL.
- 在已知接种疫苗的儿童中,随着更多的疫苗剂量,敏感性下降,但抗PT-IgG水平随着时间的推移在接种疫苗后显著下降.
- 在20-29岁,40-49岁和5-9岁的年龄组中观察到咳感染率的高峰,这表明从学后年龄开始的感染率很高.
结论:
- 湖州市在2023年经历了高 pertussis 感染率,强调了改善监测的必要性.
- 疫苗诱导抗体的快速衰变和学后感染率的增加需要有针对性的干预措施.
- 建议包括加强青少年和成年人的百日咳监测,完善免疫接种计划.
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