在人体生殖线上进行表观遗传重编程的体外复制
Yusuke Murase1,2, Ryuta Yokogawa1,2, Yukihiro Yabuta1,2
1Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Nature
|May 20, 2024
概括
科学家成功地将人类干细胞编程为早期的生殖细胞,为体外生殖和生殖医学的进步铺平了道路.
科学领域:
- 生殖生物学
- 发育生物学
- 表观遗传学
背景情况:
- 表观遗传重编程对于生殖细胞的发展至关重要,
- 在体外人类表观遗传重编程和生殖细胞分化仍然存在重大挑战.
- 原始生殖细胞 (PGCs) 分化为亲精子或 oogonia,确保性双形发育.
研究的目的:
- 建立人类PGC细胞 (hPGCLC) 的体外表观遗传重编程和分化策略.
- 为了实现分化的hPGCLCs扩大为线性亲精子或 oogonia.
- 研究骨形态蛋白 (BMP) 信号传递和DNA脱甲基化在人类生殖细胞发育中的作用.
主要方法:
- 用多能干细胞衍生的hPGCLC进行重编程和分化研究.
- 研究了骨形态蛋白 (BMP) 信号通路的作用,包括MAPK (ERK).
- 评估了DNA甲基转移酶和TET1在表观遗传重编程和生殖细胞分化中的功能.
主要成果:
- 开发了一种策略,以诱导hPGCLCs的表观转基因编程和分化为 >10^10倍的增强.
- 通过MAPK (ERK) 途径减弱和改变DNA甲基转移酶活性推动hPGCLC的分化,促进被动脱甲基化.
- 缺乏TET1的hPGCLCs分化为胚外细胞,由于持续的促进物甲基化,无法激活关键的游戏生成基因.
结论:
- 提供人体表观遗传重编程和体外生殖细胞分化的框架.
- 通过产生丰富的线性亲精子细胞和类似 oogonia 的细胞, 在人体体体外生育过程中取得了里程碑式的成就.
- 提供生殖医学应用的潜在翻译.
相关概念视频
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming
1.8K
Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
1.8K
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells
1.6K
Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
1.6K
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming
2.2K
Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
2.2K
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming
1.9K
Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
1.9K


