弹性枝状神经头骨的进化趋势
Joel H Gayford1,2, Martin D Brazeau3,4, Gavin J P Naylor5
1Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK. jhg19@ic.ac.uk.
Scientific reports
|May 20, 2024
概括
鱼和鱼的脑袋进化显示出马赛克图案,部悬挂创新推动了生态多样化. 水深和生物地理显著影响着弹性枝状的多样性.
科学领域:
- 脊椎动物古生物学 脊椎动物古生物学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 比较解剖学的比较解剖学
背景情况:
- 神经 (脑) 对于容纳大脑和感官器官至关重要,影响身体形状和关节.
- 由于其简化的头骨结构,Elasmobranchii (鱼和鱼) 为研究脑多样性提供了一个独特的模型.
- 了解 elasmobranch 脑形状和生态之间的联系对于洞察形式-功能关系至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究Elasmobranchii的马赛克头骨进化模式.
- 探索弹性枝状脑形状与生态因素之间的关联.
- 确定悬挂创新对骨整合和模块化的影响.
主要方法:
- 在Elasmobranchii中对神经形态的比较分析.
- 遗传学重建以推断进化模式.
- 头骨形状,生态,水深和生物地理之间的相关性分析.
主要成果:
- 埃拉斯莫布朗基 (Elasmobranchii) 呈现出不同于其他脊椎动物的马赛克头骨进化.
- Selachii (鱼) 和 Batoidea (射线) 之间的进化模块化不同.
- 悬挂创新似乎推动了骨集成和模块化的转变,促进了生态多样化.
结论:
- 水深和生物地理是弹性枝状骨多样性的重要驱动因素.
- 神经和大之间的骨关节是大脑形状的一个主要进化约束.
- 骨模块化和集成模式在elasmobranchs受悬浮进化和生态压力的影响.
相关概念视频
01:22Sutures of the Skull
6.6K
The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
6.6K
01:27Cranial Bones: Lateral View
2.2K
The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
2.2K
01:14Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View
2.2K
The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
2.2K
01:08Overview of the Skull
4.5K
The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
The cranial vault surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. This cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, which...
The cranial vault surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. This cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, which...
4.5K
01:30Neurulation
41.8K
Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
41.8K