贫困和残疾:国家层面的地理空间分析
Patricia R Lawrence1, Raeda K Anderson2
1Byrdine F. Lewis College of Nursing and Health Professions, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA.
Clinical nursing research
|May 21, 2024
概括
高贫困国家的残疾人面临着更糟糕的健康状况和更少的机会. 解决健康的社会决定因素 (SDOH) 对护士来说至关重要,以改善这一群体的健康公平.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 健康 公平 卫生 公平
- 关于残疾人的研究.
背景情况:
- 残疾人代表着一个日益增长的,研究不足的人口,面临着严重的健康不平等.
- 健康的社会决定因素 (SDOH) 显著影响健康结果,是残疾人之间的差异的主要驱动因素.
- 护士处于一个独特的位置,可以解决SDOH并减轻健康不平等.
研究的目的:
- 调查州级贫困率与残疾成年人的健康社会决定因素 (SDOH) 之间的关系.
- 为了比较高贫困州和低贫困州的残疾成年人之间的健康和社会经济因素.
主要方法:
- 2021年美国社区调查的二次数据分析.
- 使用了地理空间,国家级贫困率和SDOH数据.
- 独立的样本t测试比较了高贫困 (n=25) 和低贫困 (n=26) 国家的贫困率中位数 (27.8%).
主要成果:
- 有残疾的成年人,特别是那些有外行和认知障碍的成年人,不成比例地居住在高贫困国家.
- 在贫困程度较低的国家,残疾成年人就业率较高,私人保险覆盖率更高.
- 高贫困州显示,残疾成年人吸烟率增加,移动住宅居住率增加,受教育程度较低.
结论:
- 一个SDOH框架对于护士来说是必不可少的,以了解影响残疾成年人健康的多方面的因素.
- 护士需要在培训中提高对SDOH影响和残疾文化能力的认识.
- 普遍的SDOH查,特别是高贫困地区的残疾人,对于改善健康和福祉至关重要.
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