家庭的大小是否重要? 拥挤及其对儿童发展的影响
Rosan Reynolds-Salmon1, Maureen Samms-Vaughan1, Charlene Coore-Desai1
1Department of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica.
Psychology, health & medicine
|May 21, 2024
概括
家庭拥挤会对幼儿的运动能力和个人社会发展产生负面影响. 政策应优先考虑改善儿童福祉的住房和娱乐空间.
科学领域:
- 儿童发展 儿童发展
- 环境心理学 环境心理学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 关于家庭规模对儿童发育的负面影响的证据有限.
- 了解环境对幼儿发展的影响对于有针对性的干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 分析家庭规模和拥挤对四岁儿童发育领域的影响.
- 确定受家庭规模和住房条件影响的特定发展领域.
主要方法:
- 利用了1311名4岁牙买加儿童的数据.
- 通过格里菲斯精神发展尺度对六个领域的儿童发展进行了评估.
- 基于家庭规模和住房类型 (单人房与独立住宅) 的发展结果进行比较.
主要成果:
- 观察到与家庭拥挤相关的运动和个人社会发展的负面影响.
- 没有对语言,协调,表现或实际推理领域产生重大影响.
- 与独立住宅相比,居住在单人房的儿童的不良影响最为明显.
结论:
- 家庭拥挤,特别是在单人房间,对儿童早期发展的特定方面构成风险.
- 调查结果强调了适当的住房基础设施和可访问的娱乐空间的重要性.
- 政策建议侧重于改善生活条件和促进儿童发展的社会互动.
相关概念视频
01:30Biological Influences on Intelligence
93
Intelligence is often thought to be linked to brain size, but the relationship is more complex than that. While brain size does correlate modestly with some abilities, like verbal skills, the connection is weaker for others, such as spatial reasoning. Other factors, like brain structure, also play crucial roles. For instance, despite Einstein's smaller-than-average brain, his parietal cortex, which is involved in spatial reasoning, was 15% wider, suggesting that neural density might matter...
93
01:30Socioemotional Development during Infancy
53
Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
Primary Temperament Types
Primary Temperament Types
53
01:30Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
55
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
55
01:30Information Processing Approach
33
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
33
01:10Nature and Nurture
20.5K
Many human characteristics, like height, are shaped by both nature—in other words, by our genes—and by nurture, or our environment. For example, chronic stress during childhood inhibits the production of growth hormones and consequently reduces bone growth and height. Scientists estimate that 70-90% of variation in height is due to genetic differences among individuals, and 10-30% of variation in height is due to differences in the environments that individuals experience,...
20.5K
01:29Environmental Influences on Intelligence
279
Despite the strong genetic influence on traits like intelligence, environmental factors significantly shape outcomes. For example, while over 90% of height variation is due to genetic differences, environmental factors such as nutrition also have a notable impact. Similarly, for intelligence, changes in a child's surroundings can significantly alter their IQ. Research shows that enriched environments boost children's academic success and help them develop key cognitive skills. Children...
279