突尼斯儿童脑膜炎的流行病学和细菌概况
Sarra Dhraief1, Khaoula Meftah1,2, Samar Mhimdi1,2
11Laboratory of Microbiology, Children's Hospital Bechir Hamza of Tunis, Tunisia.
Acta microbiologica et immunologica Hungarica
|May 21, 2024
概括
在突尼斯儿童中,Haemophilus influenzae b型 (Hib) 疫苗显著减少了细菌性脑膜炎 (BM). 肺炎链球菌仍然是主要的病因,这凸显了联合疫苗的必要性,以减少疾病发病率和抗菌素耐药性.
科学领域:
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 细菌性脑膜炎 (BM) 构成一个重大的全球健康挑战,其发病率正在下降,但仍然很高.
- 常规疫苗接种活动影响了疾病负担,但持续监测至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 分析突尼斯儿科细菌性脑膜炎的流行病学和细菌学特征.
- 评估Haemophilus influenzae b型 (Hib) 结合疫苗引入对BM发病率的影响.
- 评估Streptococcus pneumoniae和Neisseria meningitidis的血清型分布以及抗生素耐药性的模式.
主要方法:
- 从2003年到2019年,在突尼斯儿童医院住院的儿童中,对细菌学确认的BM病例进行了回顾性分析.
- 使用常规和分子技术识别和血清定型致病原体 (肺炎杆菌,脑膜炎菌,流感血球菌).
- 确定孤立病原体的抗生素耐药性概况.
主要成果:
- 肺炎链球菌 (Sp) 是最常见的病因 (51.3%),其次是脑膜炎菌 (Nm) (27.5%) 和流感血球菌 (Hi) (16.8%).
- 在Hib疫苗引入后观察到Hi BM显著下降 (P < 0.0001).
- 对于Sp和Nm对青素的抗生素耐药性率很高,对安培素的耐药性率很高,尽管大多数隔离物对第三代类素敏感.
结论:
- 希伯合疫苗有效降低了由希伯引起的BM发生率.
- 肺炎链球菌仍然是突尼斯儿科BM的主要病原体.
- 联合疫苗的广泛使用可以减少BM病例并减轻抗菌素耐药性.
相关概念视频
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