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相关概念视频

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
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Extracting DNA from the Gut Microbes of the Termite Zootermopsis Angusticollis and Visualizing Gut Microbes
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在白基因组中普遍放松选择.

Kyle M Ewart1, Simon Y W Ho1, Al-Aabid Chowdhury1

  • 1School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Proceedings. Biological sciences
|May 21, 2024
PubMed
概括

与相比,白基因组显示较慢的同义替代率,但较快的非同义替代率和放松的选择,表明独特的基因组适应于eusociality和有效清除有害的遗传突变.

关键词:
在黑色的天空中.实际人口规模 实际人口规模欧社会化 欧社会化间接选择 间接选择人类基因组学是什么?放松的选择选择.

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科学领域:

  • 进化生物学 进化生物学
  • 基因组学就是基因组学.
  • 分子进化分子进化

背景情况:

  • 欧社会性是一种复杂的社会结构,几十年来一直吸引着生物学家的兴趣.
  • 以前的研究表明,与孤独的昆虫相比,eusocial昆虫的分子进化速率更高.
  • 在白中的eusociality的基因组后果仍然不太了解.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究白中eusociality的基因组进化后果.
  • 为了比较白基因组与他们的非社会亲属的白基因组.
  • 识别与白社会结构和种姓差异化相关的基因组适应.

主要方法:

  • 对9个基因组的基因组学分析,包括3个新测序的基因组.
  • 对白和之间的同义和非同义替代率进行比较分析.
  • 评估选择压力和鉴定与种姓差异化相关的基因.

主要成果:

  • 长基因组表现出较低的同义替代率,但比基因组更高的非同义替代率.
  • 在24-31%的白基因中发现了普遍放松选择,这可能是由于有效种群规模的减少.
  • 在白中没有观察到遗传负载的显著增加,这表明在殖民地层面有效的等位基因清除.
  • 确定了基因组适应,包括参与翻译后修改的基因,这可能是种姓差异化的基础.

结论:

  • 长的社会性导致了与单独的相比,不同的基因组进化模式.
  • 减少有效种群规模和有效的殖民地级别选择塑造了白基因组的演变.
  • 特定的基因组适应可能会促进白种的发展和维持.