使用自然语言处理进行疾病的自动分类,并识别心脏病错误分类的ICD代码
Maarten Falter1,2,3, Dries Godderis4, Martijn Scherrenberg1,2,5
1Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Hasselt, Belgium.
European heart journal. Digital health
|May 22, 2024
概括
自然语言处理 (NLP) 算法可以在医疗记录中准确地分类疾病,优于传统的ICD编码. 这项技术可以帮助识别和纠正ICD编码过程中的错误.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 计算语言学 计算语言学
背景情况:
- 国际疾病分类 (ICD) 代码对于医院记录分类,管理,财务和研究目的至关重要.
- 已知ICD编码中存在错误,影响数据的准确性和可靠性.
- 自然语言处理 (NLP) 为提高医疗记录疾病分类的准确性和效率提供了一个有希望的途径.
研究的目的:
- 调查在非结构化医疗记录中自动疾病分类的NLP方法.
- 将NLP技术的性能与传统的ICD编码实践进行比较.
主要方法:
- 使用了两个数据集:MIMIC-III (n=55,177) 和比利时医院数据集 (n=12,706).
- 应用NLP算法,包括基于规则的搜索,逻辑回归,TF-IDF,XGBoost和BioBERT用于"心房动"和"心力衰竭"诊断.
- 在MIMIC-III上开发了算法,并在比利时数据集上验证了表现最好 (XGBoost).
主要成果:
- 在比利时数据集上,XGBoost算法实现了高精度 (AF为0.94,HF为0.92).
- 确定了NLP算法和ICD代码之间的211个不匹配,其中30%归因于错误的ICD编码 (2%的住院病例).
- 在疾病分类准确度方面,XGBoost的表现优于深度学习模型 BioBERT.
结论:
- 一个新的NLP算法在医疗记录中对疾病进行分类时表现出了很高的准确性.
- NLP工具可以有效地识别潜在的ICD编码错误,从而优化和支持编码过程.
- 这些发现表明NLP在提高医疗记录分类系统的完整性方面具有重大潜力.
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