"反向触发"是什么意思? 一个新的或以前错过的现象?
Robert Jackson1,2, Audery Kim1, Nikolay Moroz1,3
1Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute and St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Annals of intensive care
|May 22, 2024
概括
反向触发 (RT),患者-呼吸机异步,自1997年以来一直存在于文献中,但经常被忽视. 虽然2013年后检测有所改善,但许多可能的RT病例仍未被检测到.
科学领域:
- 关键护理医学 关键护理医学
- 呼吸系统疗法 呼吸系统疗法
- 机械通风机械通风机械通风
背景情况:
- 反向触发 (RT) 是一种患者-呼吸器异步,患者的努力跟随机械呼吸.
- 诊断通常需要食道压力或隔膜电活动,但标准呼吸机波形也可以表明RT.
研究的目的:
- 确定未检测到的反向触发 (RT) 在出版文献中的频率,特别是在2013年之前.
- 评估在2000年后采用小潮量通风后,RT患病率是否增加.
主要方法:
- 使用PubMed,EMBASE和Cochrane控制试验中央注册 (1950-2017) 进行了系统的文献搜索.
- 专家分析了来自确定论文的风扇波形,以寻找RT的证据,将病例分类为"确定的" (具有Pes或EAdi) 或"可能的" (仅波形).
- 专家评估与原作者对波形的解释进行了比较.
主要成果:
- 在来自65篇论文的181个波形中,专家确定了21个"可能"和25个"确定的"RT病例.
- 2013年之前18.8%的波形显示出RT的证据,大多数RT病例是在2000年之后发表的 (45对1,p=0.03).
- 54%的确定的RT病例被错误地归因于其他现象,而60%的"可能"RT病例在2013年之后仍然被遗漏.
结论:
- 至少自1997年以来,文献中已经记录了反向触发,2000年后报告的增加与低潮量通风相吻合.
- 尽管2013年后检测方法得到了改进,但反向触发在临床实践中仍然经常被忽视.
- 专家的波形分析显示,在已发表的文献中,RT的诊断严重不足,强调需要提高认识和诊断警.
相关概念视频
Interference and Decay
135
Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
135
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview
198
Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
198
Hindsight Biases
3.4K
Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now?
3.4K
Nonconscious Mimicry
4.5K
Nonconscious mimicry occurs when individuals alter their mannerisms to match the behaviors and expressions of those nearby, without intention.
4.5K
NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences
791
A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
791
Real-World Application of Classical Conditioning
548
Classical conditioning not only includes the initial pairing of stimuli but also extends to more complex forms, such as higher-order conditioning. Higher-order conditioning involves creating associations beyond the primary conditioned stimulus, resulting in a chain of conditioned responses.
Higher-order, or second-order, conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an already established conditioned stimulus through repeated pairings. For instance, if a dog has been...
Higher-order, or second-order, conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an already established conditioned stimulus through repeated pairings. For instance, if a dog has been...
548


