独立的深度学习与专家对诊断肺癌的胸部计算机断层扫描:一个系统的审查
Ting-Wei Wang1,2, Jia-Sheng Hong1, Hwa-Yen Chiu1,2,3
1Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
European radiology
|May 22, 2024
概括
与人类专家相比,深度学习 (DL) 算法在CT扫描上检测肺癌的准确性提高了,特别是在特异性方面. 需要进一步的研究来优化DL在各种成像模式的性能,以提高临床诊断.
科学领域:
- 放射学和医学成像学 医学成像学
- 人工智能在医学中的应用
- 在瘤学瘤学.
背景情况:
- 使用计算机断层扫描 (CT) 扫描进行肺癌诊断对于患者的治疗结果至关重要.
- 评估人工智能 (AI) 的诊断性能,特别是深度学习 (DL) 算法,与人类专家对抗,对于推进医学成像分析至关重要.
- 现有研究突出显示了DL在医学图像解释方面的潜力,需要与既有诊断方法进行全面比较.
研究的目的:
- 系统地比较独立深度学习 (DL) 算法的诊断性能与人类专家在胸部CT扫描上识别肺癌的诊断性能.
- 评估DL算法在不同分类任务中的有效性,包括恶性瘤和侵入性确定.
- 分析各种成像模式 (CT,LDCT,HRCT) 对DL算法的诊断准确度与人类读者的影响.
主要方法:
- 在PubMed,Embase和Web of Science数据库中进行了系统的文献搜索,直到2023年11月.
- 包括了涉及成年肺癌患者的研究,并将DL算法与CT扫描专家放射科医生进行比较.
- 进行了双变随机效应和子组分析,考虑了成像方式,任务类型和研究特征等因素. 使用QUADAS-2,QUADAS-C和CLAIM进行了质量评估.
主要成果:
- 包括20项研究,比较DL算法和在CT扫描上检测肺癌的人类专家.
- DL算法比人类专家 (69%) 具有更高的特异性 (75%),这是统计学上显著的差异,而灵敏度是可比的 (DL 82%与专家81%).
- 与专家相比,DL性能因成像方式而异,在标准CT上表现出优异的特异性,在低剂量CT (LDCT) 扫描上表现出更高的灵敏度,但在低剂量CT扫描上表现出较低的特异性.
结论:
- 深度学习算法在CT扫描上提高肺癌诊断准确度方面表现有希望,在特异性方面表现优于人类专家.
- DL算法的诊断效率受到成像模式的影响,需要针对不同的CT技术进行量身定制的优化.
- 持续研究和优化DL算法跨多种成像模式的持续研究是提高肺癌诊断和改善患者的结果至关重要的.
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