注意差距:执行功能与自闭症儿童在没有认知延迟的情况下认知和适应功能之间的差异有关
Yael Braverman1,2, Sarah R Edmunds1,3,4, Ingrid Hastedt1,5
1Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Journal of autism and developmental disorders
|May 22, 2024
概括
自闭症儿童的自闭症儿童.
科学领域:
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 儿童心理学 儿童心理学
- 认知神经科学是一种认知神经科学.
背景情况:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 与适应性功能方面的挑战有关,影响日常独立.
- 这种缺陷甚至在没有认知障碍的自闭症个体中也存在.
- 了解影响这种差距的因素对于有针对性的干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查年龄,执行功能 (EF) 和自闭症儿童在没有认知迟缓的情况下的认知适应性功能差距之间的关系.
- 为了比较这些关系在学龄前和学龄前的队列中.
- 确定可能调解认知适应差距的特定执行功能组件.
主要方法:
- 研究了两组没有认知延迟的自闭症儿童 (学龄前儿童N=48,年龄2-4;学龄儿童N=101,年龄7-12).
- 用家长的报告来评估适应性功能和执行功能技能.
- 计算了认知和适应能力之间的差异,并分析了它与年龄和EF的关联.
主要成果:
- 认知适应性差距在学龄队列中很明显,但在学龄前队列中却没有.
- 执行功能的降低,特别是情绪控制,始终与两年龄组社会化领域的更大的认知适应差距有关.
- 这表明执行功能缺陷有助于自闭症儿童的适应性挑战.
结论:
- 执行功能,特别是情绪控制,在自闭症儿童在没有认知延迟的情况下的适应性功能中发挥着重要作用.
- 针对学龄前儿童执行功能的早期干预可以增强适应能力和社会融合.
- 支持执行功能可以改善自闭症个体的整体福祉和独立性.
更多相关视频
05:32Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos
Published on: December 7, 2018
8.9K
12:55Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
Published on: September 27, 2020
8.4K
相关概念视频
Autism Spectrum Disorder
83
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
83
Information Processing Approach
33
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
33
Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition
31
A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
31
Self-Discrepancy Theory
18.3K
One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.
18.3K
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
55
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
55
Language and Cognition
342
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
342
