Jove
Visualize
联系我们
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
关于 JoVE
概览领导团队博客JoVE 帮助中心
作者
出版流程编辑委员会范围与政策同行评审常见问题投稿
图书馆员
用户评价订阅访问资源图书馆顾问委员会常见问题
研究
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments存档
教育
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab Manual教师资源中心教师网站
使用条款与条件
隐私政策
政策

相关概念视频

GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity01:09

GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity

5.5K
Some GPCRs transmit signals through adenylyl cyclase (AC), a transmembrane enzyme. AC helps synthesize second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). AC catalyzes cyclization reaction and converts ATP to cAMP by releasing a pyrophosphate. The pyrophosphate is further hydrolyzed to phosphate by the enzyme pyrophosphatase, which drives cAMP synthesis to completion. However, cAMP is rapidly degraded to 5′ AMP by the enzymes phosphodiesterase (PDE), preventing overstimulation of...
5.5K
Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins01:22

Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins

7.0K
Heterotrimeric G proteins are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. As the name suggests, heterotrimeric G proteins are composed of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. They remain GDP-bound or GTP-bound inside the cells and switch between inactive/active states. The Gα subunit possesses the nucleotide-binding pocket that binds guanine nucleotides and switches between GDP or GTP-bound states. In contrast, the Gꞵ and Gγ subunits are always bound together with high...
7.0K
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

5.1K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
5.1K
Proteoglycans01:05

Proteoglycans

3.9K
Glycans, a class of complex heterogeneous molecules, can be covalently attached to proteins to form glycosylated proteins that regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Glycosylated proteins or glycoproteins comprise N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. O-glycosylation is the most common type of protein glycosylation. Here, glycans attach to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl groups of Serine or Threonine residues. O-linked glycosylation occurs later in protein processing,...
3.9K

您也可能阅读

相关文章

通过共同作者、期刊和引用图与本文相关的文章。

排序
Same author

Clinician-deployable deep hypergraph model integrating clinical and CT radiomics predicts immunotherapy outcomes in NSCLC.

PLOS digital health·2026
Same author

Synergistic NIR-polydopamine nanotherapy for blood-brain barrier crossing and Parkinson's disease intervention.

RSC advances·2026
Same author

<b>Self-aggregating</b> <i><b>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</b></i> <b>enhances type-I interferon responses via the cytosolic sensors NOD2 and cGAS</b>.

Gut microbes·2026
Same author

Early-life tobacco exposure, genetic susceptibility and incident colorectal cancer risk in UK biobank: A prospective cohort analysis.

Cancer epidemiology·2026
Same author

Author Correction: Mpox poses an ever-increasing epidemic and pandemic risk.

Nature medicine·2025
Same author

Mpox poses an ever-increasing epidemic and pandemic risk.

Nature medicine·2025

相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 25, 2025

Visualization of HIV-1 Gag Binding to Giant Unilamellar Vesicle GUV Membranes
08:21

Visualization of HIV-1 Gag Binding to Giant Unilamellar Vesicle GUV Membranes

Published on: July 28, 2016

8.9K

具有处理缺陷的HIV-1激活了cGAS传感器.

Rebecca P Sumner1,2, Henry Blest3, Meiyin Lin3

  • 1Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, 90 Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK. rebecca.sumner@surrey.ac.uk.

Retrovirology
|May 22, 2024
PubMed
概括

用融合蛋白破坏HIV-1囊激发强烈的免疫反应,揭示了囊在免疫逃避中的关键作用,并提出了新的抗病毒策略.

关键词:
卡普西德 (Capsid) 是一种状的鱼.检测DNA的感知能力艾滋病病毒-1 艾滋病病毒-1干扰素 干扰素 干扰素cGAS 是一个气体.

更多相关视频

A Restriction Enzyme Based Cloning Method to Assess the In vitro Replication Capacity of HIV-1 Subtype C Gag-MJ4 Chimeric Viruses
14:23

A Restriction Enzyme Based Cloning Method to Assess the In vitro Replication Capacity of HIV-1 Subtype C Gag-MJ4 Chimeric Viruses

Published on: August 31, 2014

15.6K
Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.
08:11

Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.

Published on: September 1, 2015

8.8K

相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2025

Visualization of HIV-1 Gag Binding to Giant Unilamellar Vesicle GUV Membranes
08:21

Visualization of HIV-1 Gag Binding to Giant Unilamellar Vesicle GUV Membranes

Published on: July 28, 2016

8.9K
A Restriction Enzyme Based Cloning Method to Assess the In vitro Replication Capacity of HIV-1 Subtype C Gag-MJ4 Chimeric Viruses
14:23

A Restriction Enzyme Based Cloning Method to Assess the In vitro Replication Capacity of HIV-1 Subtype C Gag-MJ4 Chimeric Viruses

Published on: August 31, 2014

15.6K
Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.
08:11

Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.

Published on: September 1, 2015

8.8K

科学领域:

  • 病毒学 病毒学
  • 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
  • 分子生物学分子生物学

背景情况:

  • 主体模式识别受体检测病毒,诱导I型干扰素 (IFN) 和IFN刺激基因 (ISG) 限制病毒复制.
  • 人类免疫缺陷病毒1型 (HIV-1) 已知在实验室中不足以激活先天免疫力.
  • 艾滋病毒-1囊在免疫逃避中的确切功能仍然不完全理解.

研究的目的:

  • 研究HIV-1囊在免疫系统感应中的作用.
  • 为了确定Gag蛋白的修改如何影响先天免疫激活.

主要方法:

  • 艾滋病毒-1是由联合表达截断的Gag (囊氨基酸1-107) 与光酶或GFP融合并与野生类型的Gag-pol一起产生的.
  • 评估了这些修改后的病毒颗粒对THP-1细胞和巨细胞免疫反应的影响.
  • 研究了先天免疫激活的机制,包括对逆转录和cGAS DNA传感器的依赖.

主要成果:

  • 用Gag融合蛋白产生的病毒颗粒诱导了强大的IFN反应,与野生型HIV-1不同.
  • 这种先天免疫激活取决于逆转录和cGAS传感器,表明病毒DNA触发了反应.
  • 气融合的结合导致了野生型气裂变的缺陷,并减少了TRIM5α的限制,表明了异常粒子的形成.

结论:

  • 艾滋病毒-1囊对逃避天生的免疫力至关重要.
  • 破坏口裂变和囊形成激活了病毒DNA和cGAS依赖的先天免疫反应.
  • 囊向抗病毒药物可以增强先天性和适应性免疫力,以提高疗效.