患有多动症儿童的工作记忆和抑制控制缺陷:对竞争模型预测的实验性评估
Michael J Kofler1, Nicole B Groves2, Elizabeth S M Chan3
1Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States.
Frontiers in psychiatry
|May 23, 2024
概括
工作记忆的局限性显著损害了ADHD儿童的抑制和性能准确性. 这表明工作记忆缺陷广泛影响执行功能,挑战了优先考虑ADHD抑制缺陷的理论.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 患有注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 的儿童表现出广泛的神经心理缺陷.
- 人们争论的是,这些赤字是由于许多不同的损失,还是由于一些具有广泛影响的核心赤字造成的.
- 了解工作记忆和抑制之间的相互作用对于ADHD病变模型至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地调查工作记忆和抑制需求对儿童执行功能的影响.
- 测试ADHD的竞争概念模型,特别是工作记忆与抑制缺陷之间的作用.
- 阐明工作记忆能力与抑制控制之间的因果关系.
主要方法:
- 一个被诊断患有多动症,焦虑症或同时出现多动症+焦虑症的110名儿童的样本参与了这项研究.
- 一个平衡的,双重分离的实验操纵了工作记忆 (低与高) 和抑制 (低与高) 的需求.
- 用贝叶斯和频率主义统计模型来分析性能数据.
主要成果:
- 操纵成功地增加了对工作记忆和抑制的需求.
- 增加工作记忆负载显著降低了响应时间和抑制任务的准确性 (d=0.67-1.53).
- 患有ADHD的儿童在工作记忆被占用时,在抑制任务上的准确性不成比例地降低,支持工作记忆作为主要缺陷.
结论:
- 工作记忆的局限性广泛影响儿童抑制前性反应和保持性能准确性的能力.
- 这些发现支持了工作记忆缺陷导致抑制的二次损害的模型.
- 证据与假定除抑制作为主要或工作记忆作为ADHD非因果相关的模型相矛盾.
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