失败是否减少了与竞争对手交往以获得伴侣的倾向? 一个实验性的测试试验
Chenke Zang1, Meng-Han Joseph Chung1, Teresa Neeman2
1Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia.
概括
在至少一周的时间里,赢得或输掉战斗会影响雄性蚊虫鱼对竞争对手和伴侣的行为. 获胜者在竞争环境中增加了冒险的意愿,这表明了调整的社会评估.
科学领域:
- 行为生态学 行为生态学
- 动物行为 动物行为
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
背景情况:
- 男性与男性之间的竞争对于繁殖成功至关重要,尺寸和武器预测了战斗结果.
- 一个"赢家-输家效应"被记录下来,在此之前的比赛结果预测未来的成功,但其对其他行为的影响是不充分研究的.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查胜利或失败是否影响雄性蚊虫鱼 (Gambusia holbrooki) 对竞争对手和潜在伴侣的后续行为.
- 确定赢家-输家效应是否会影响风险承担和在竞争激烈的社会环境中持续存在.
主要方法:
- 在实验中,男性蚊虫鱼通过与更大或更小的对手作战24小时,被赋予"赢家"或"失败者"的地位.
- 随后的行为在走廊任务中进行了测试,需要接近雌性,场景包括一个更大的竞争对手,一个青少年或一个空圆筒.
- 在一周后重复测试,以评估赢家-输家效应的持续性.
主要成果:
- 获胜者更有可能发起运动并接触女性,但只有当一个更大的竞争对手存在时,这表明了取决于背景的冒险.
- 这种赢家-输家对行为的影响持续了至少一周.
- 结果表明,获胜者在侵略性遭遇中会采取更高风险的行为.
结论:
- 之前的获胜经验在竞争互动期间提高了雄性蚊虫鱼的风险承担能力.
- 输赢者效应影响了行为调整,而不仅仅是未来的战斗结果.
- 这些行为变化可能源于竞赛后的自我评估或竞争对手评估的改变,由社会背景调节.
相关概念视频
01:20Mate Choice
8.0K
Mate choice—the decision about whom to mate with—is a type of natural selection, since animals must reproduce to pass down their genes. Mate choice is also called intersexual selection because the behavior occurs between the sexes.
8.0K
01:23Criticisms of the Evolutionary Perspective
94
In a study where individuals posing as strangers offered compliments and proposed casual sex to students, the responses differed significantly based on gender. Not a single woman accepted the proposal, while 70% of the men agreed. This outcome provides a useful scenario to explore through the lens of evolutionary psychology and social learning theory, highlighting the diverse perspectives on human sexual behaviors.
Evolutionary psychology provides one explanation for these findings, suggesting...
Evolutionary psychology provides one explanation for these findings, suggesting...
94
01:06Natural Selection and Mating Preferences
101
The principle of natural selection posits that organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. This principle is closely intertwined with mating preferences, a key aspect of sexual selection, which evolutionary psychologists believe is driven by instincts to propagate one's genes. Such instincts significantly influence mating behaviors and preferences between genders.
Females, due to their biological roles in conception, pregnancy, and nursing,...
Females, due to their biological roles in conception, pregnancy, and nursing,...
101
02:12Relationship Formation
40.0K
What do you think is the single most influential factor in determining with whom you become friends and whom you form romantic relationships? You might be surprised to learn that the answer is simple: the people with whom you have the most contact. This most important factor is proximity. You are more likely to be friends with people you have regular contact with. For example, there are decades of research that shows that you are more likely to become friends with people who live in your dorm,...
40.0K
02:34Competition
21.5K
When organisms require the same limited resources within an environment, they may have to compete for them. Competition is a net-negative interaction. Even if two competing individuals or populations do not interact directly, the overall fitness of both competitors is lowered as a result of not having full access to the limited resource.
21.5K
04:49Robbers Cave
14.3K
During the 1950s, the landmark Robbers Cave experiment demonstrated that when groups must compete with one another, intergroup conflict, hostility, and even violence may result. At the Oklahoman summer camp, two troops of boys—termed the Rattlers and the Eagles—took part in a week-long tournament. During this time, their negativity culminated in derogatory name-calling, fistfights, and even vandalism and destruction of property. However, this work also revealed that such tension...
14.3K