具体认知成年:对行动单词的处理优势因年龄和任务而受到调节
Alex Miklashevsky1, Jana Reifegerste2, Adolfo M García3
1Potsdam Embodied Cognition Group, University of Potsdam.
Journal of experimental psychology. General
|May 23, 2024
概括
老年人显示处理动作单词的好处减少了,特别是当任务需要更少的语义访问时. 这一发现影响了对老化和语言的认知处理的理解.
科学领域:
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 心理语言学 心理语言学
- 衰老研究研究 衰老研究
背景情况:
- 动作文字处理涉及运动系统,与体内认知保持一致.
- 衰老会影响神经认知功能,可能会影响老年人如何处理行动词语.
- 之前的研究表明,运动相关性有助于老年人完成语义任务,但这是有争议的.
研究的目的:
- 研究健康衰老对动作文字处理的影响,特别是与运动相关的效应.
- 检查任务需求 (语义访问与最小语义访问) 在年轻人和老年人中如何影响这些效应.
- 测试假设,衰老时语义访问减少会减弱运动相关性的好处.
主要方法:
- 在年轻和年长的成年人中使用词汇决策和大声阅读任务测试了2,174个单词.
- 采用混合效应回归分析,控制语音,词汇和语义变量.
- 基于不同年龄组和任务的单词运动相关性进行性能比较.
主要成果:
- 年轻的成年人表现出更快,更准确的词汇决策高动力相关的单词;年长的成年人没有.
- 任何年龄组都没有在大声阅读任务 (最小语义访问) 中表现出运动相关性效应.
- 在多个灵敏度分析中,结果是稳定的.
结论:
- 动力相关性对动作词的好处是取决于任务,需要足够的语义访问.
- 这些好处在老年人中减弱,特别是当语义访问减少时,如在词汇决策任务中所见.
- 老化本身,加上任务需求,影响了动作词的处理和它们与运动表征的联系.
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