长期使用阿雅华斯卡与保护全球认知功能和改善记忆力有关:与仪式使用者的横截面研究
Arilton Martins Fonseca1, Rafael Guimarães Dos Santos2,3, Lívia Soman de Medeiros4
1Centre for Ethnobotanical and Ethnopharmacological Studies, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
概括
长期的仪式性阿雅华斯卡使用并没有损害认知能力. 经验丰富的用户与初学者相比,表现出更好的工作记忆,这表明在宗教环境中持续使用亚亚瓦斯卡的潜在认知益处.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 心理药理学 心理药理学
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
背景情况:
- 关于迷幻药物使用的长期认知影响的研究有限,特别是在仪式上.
- 亚亚瓦斯卡是一种用于土著和宗教仪式的精神活性饮料,它对其对认知功能的影响引起了人们的兴趣.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究仪式式的阿雅华斯卡消费对经验丰富的 (20岁以上) 和初学者 (3岁以下) 用户的认知表现的影响.
- 为了比较经验丰富的 ayahuasca 用户,初学者和对照组之间的认知能力.
主要方法:
- 一项观察性,描述性,横截面研究,涉及48名参与者 (16名经验丰富的用户,16名初学者,16名对照),根据性别,年龄和教育情况进行了匹配.
- 认知评估包括智力系数 (WASI),口头工作记忆 (Digit Span),视觉空间工作记忆 (Corsi Block-Tapping Task),视觉知觉/记忆 (Rey-Osterrieth复杂图) 和执行功能 (威斯康星州卡片排序,五位数测试).
- 植物和类化合物分析证实了阿雅华斯卡酒的成分.
主要成果:
- 与对照组相比,在任何阿雅华斯卡使用者群体中都没有观察到认知能力下降的证据.
- 经验丰富的阿雅华斯卡使用者在口头工作记忆 (Digit Span) 和视觉空间工作记忆 (Corsi Block-Tapping Task) 中的得分明显高于初学者.
- 社会人口统计学特征和智力表现在所有群体中均.
结论:
- 短期和长期的仪式式阿雅华斯卡消费似乎不会对人类认知产生负面影响.
- 与短期使用相比,长期使用阿雅华斯卡,特别是在宗教背景下,可能与提高工作记忆能力有关.
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