通过自由空气受控暴露 (FACE) 实验进行臭氧风险评估:一个关键的复查
Yasutomo Hoshika1, Evgenios Agathokleous2, Barbara Baesso Moura1
1Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy.
Environmental research
|May 23, 2024
概括
一种新方法通过使用生物质数据来定义相对风险 (RRs) 来完善农业和林业的臭氧 (O3) 风险评估. 这种方法考虑了物种的敏感性和不确定性,提高了自由空气受控暴露 (FACE) 研究的准确性.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 植物科学 植物科学
- 农业科学 农业科学
背景情况:
- 热层臭氧 (O3) 对农业和林业构成重大风险.
- 目前的风险评估通常依赖于在自由空气受控暴露 (FACE) 设施中的基于口腔流量的方法.
- 在零O3剂量下估计参考生物质/产量是具有挑战性的,因为缺少O3清洁空气处理和外推偏差.
研究的目的:
- 审查FACE设施当前的O3风险评估方法.
- 通过使用生物质或产量数据来定义相对风险 (RRs) 的修改后的Paoletti方法.
- 通过假设使用95%可信度区间 (CI) 的场景来纳入不确定性.
主要方法:
- 审查了FACE设施中现有的O3风险评估方法.
- 开发了一种修改的Paoletti方法,使用生物质/产量数据来定义RR.
- 使用95%可信度间隔 (CI) 来定义乐观的,最适合的和最坏的情景.
主要成果:
- 敏感于O3的物种在乐观情景和最坏情景之间表现出狭窄的范围.
- 耐氧3的物种表现出更广泛的反应范围,表明了多样化的可塑性.
- 在中度敏感/耐药物种中观察到非线性剂量反应关系,这表明hormesis.
结论:
- 修改后的Paoletti方法提供了对O3风险和不确定性的更全面的了解.
- 需要灵活的功能形式来准确地建模复杂的植物对O3压力的反应.
- 支持工具,如乙烯二urea处理和机械植物模型可以加强RR评估.
相关概念视频
Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis
In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
Ozone is a symmetrical bent molecule stabilized by a resonance structure.
Ozone is a symmetrical bent molecule stabilized by a resonance structure.
Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment
Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
PPE Use in Healthcare Settings II: Doffing
The sequence of removing or doffing PPE starts with the gloves, as they are the most contaminated. Next is removal of the face shield or goggles, as they would interfere with removing other PPE. Then remove the gown, followed by the mask or respirator. Perform hand hygiene between steps if hands become contaminated and immediately after removing all PPE. Generally, the outside front and sleeves of the isolation gown, the goggles or the mask, the respirator, and the face shield are contaminated.
Respiratory Assessment: Purpose and Indications
Respiratory assessment is a cornerstone of nursing assessments, crucial for the early detection of patient deterioration. This evaluation transcends routine procedures, representing a critical skill nurses must master to ensure optimal patient care.
Objectives and Importance:
The primary goal of respiratory assessment is to evaluate patients at early risk of clinical deterioration. Since respiratory distress often precedes other signs of declining health, breathing patterns and sounds become a...
Objectives and Importance:
The primary goal of respiratory assessment is to evaluate patients at early risk of clinical deterioration. Since respiratory distress often precedes other signs of declining health, breathing patterns and sounds become a...
Chemical Factors Affecting Respiration Centers
Chemical factors such as changing CO2, O2, and H+ levels in arterial blood play a critical role in influencing respiration depth and rates. These variations are detected by chemoreceptors—specialized sensors located in two primary body areas. Central chemoreceptors are found throughout the brain stem, including the ventrolateral medulla, while peripheral chemoreceptors are located in the aortic arch and carotid arteries.
CO2 has a potent influence on respiration and is strictly regulated. Under...
CO2 has a potent influence on respiration and is strictly regulated. Under...
Administering Oxygen by Mask
Administering Oxygen by Mask
Administering oxygen by mask is a common nursing intervention that provides supplemental oxygen to patients with respiratory distress or chronic lung conditions. This procedure involves delivering oxygen at a specified rate through a face mask connected to an oxygen source.
Equipment
The equipment necessary for this procedure includes:
Administering oxygen by mask is a common nursing intervention that provides supplemental oxygen to patients with respiratory distress or chronic lung conditions. This procedure involves delivering oxygen at a specified rate through a face mask connected to an oxygen source.
Equipment
The equipment necessary for this procedure includes:


