在Ophiuroidea中孕产妇供养和发育的演变:卵子大小,幼虫形式和父母的照顾
Maria Byrne1, Paula Cisternas1,2, Timothy D O'Hara2
1School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Marine Studies Institute, The University Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
Integrative and comparative biology
|May 23, 2024
概括
在Ophiuroidea中,发育的进化表明了从食浮游生物幼虫转向不食莱西托托罗普生物幼虫的转变,父母的关怀是最重要的生命历史来源. 卵子大小分布揭示了浮游生物和叶酸生物以及卵子生物多样性的不同组.
科学领域:
- 海洋生物学 海洋生物学
- 发育生物学 发展生物学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
背景情况:
- 类 (易碎星) 呈现出高度的物种多样性和多样化的幼虫形式,但它们的进化发育生物学 (evo-devo) 与其他皮动物相比,理解程度较低.
- 体进化通常涉及从小的,食的 (浮游生物) 幼虫过渡到大型,不食的 (乳生物) 幼虫,父母的关怀代表了最先进的生命史策略.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究Ophiuroidea中的进化发育模式和幼虫生命史.
- 分析卵子大小分布及其与幼虫类型和脆性恒星的繁殖策略的相关性.
主要方法:
- 分析了140个Ophiuroidea物种的卵子大小数据,不包括活体动物和可选的浮游生物.
- 检查不同家族的变形模式 (I型和II型) 和幼虫形态 (ophiopluteus, vitellaria).
主要成果:
- 观察到卵体量的双模分布,对应于浮游生物和叶酸生物 + 卵子生物的策略,卵子生物的物种具有异常大的卵子和降低的生育能力.
- 在浮游生物发育过程中,有两种不同的变形模式 (I型和II型) 表明祖先的可塑性,其次是通道化.
- 莱西托幼虫的形特征表明,它们从祖先的食幼虫进化过渡.
结论:
- 父母的照顾在Ophiuroidea中已经多次演变,通常与雌雄性和足形态有关,来自有浮游生物幼虫的祖先.
- 在Ophiuroidea中,卵子大小的演变反映了与不食幼虫和父母关怀相关的较大卵子的明显趋势,在活体物种中,卵子大小的次要减少.
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