在不同的任务环境中,跨生命周期的多任务处理
Nathan Van Humbeeck1, Mira Van Wilderode2, Reinhold Kliegl3
1Brain & Cognition Group, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium. Nathan.vanhumbeeck@kuleuven.be.
Scientific reports
|May 23, 2024
概括
这项研究揭示了多任务能力如何在整个生命周期内发生变化. 虽然年轻人擅长单一任务,但多任务成本因年龄和任务组合而异,特别影响老年人的感觉运动控制.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 人类发展 人类发展
背景情况:
- 多任务性能随着年龄的增长而下降,但潜在的机制和年龄特定的成本仍在争论中.
- 在评估多任务成本时,先前的研究往往无法解释单任务能力的年龄相关差异.
研究的目的:
- 调查跨越广泛的年龄范围 (8-82岁) 跨越多任务的寿命发展.
- 检查双重任务期间绩效成本的年龄差异,控制单一任务能力.
- 探索并发的认知需求如何影响整个生命周期的感觉运动控制.
主要方法:
- 一个寿命样本 (N=187) 与姿势控制或反应时间 (RT) 任务同时执行视觉空间工作记忆 (VSWM) 任务.
- 标准参照测试个别调整VSWM任务难度,以等同单任务性能.
- 稳定仪扩散分析量化了姿势控制,RT测量了处理速度.
主要成果:
- 单项任务的表现显示了U形的年龄轨迹,年轻人表现最好.
- 多任务处理通常会导致所有任务和年龄组的表现下降.
- 观察到年龄差异的多任务成本,特别是在反应时间任务中,这表明与年龄相关的认知控制差异,以及老年人感官运动控制的认知负载增加.
结论:
- 与年龄相关的多任务成本不仅仅是由于一般的认知衰退,而是取决于特定的任务组合和认知控制需求.
- 同时的认知任务显著影响感觉运动控制,特别是在老年人中,可能反映出补偿机制.
- 终身方法对于理解人类多任务处理的复杂性及其与年龄相关的变化至关重要.
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