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[角膜整形 - - 方法概述及其手术周期管理]

Ruven Sonntag, Nikolaus Luft, Wolfgang J Mayer

Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde

|May 24, 2024

概括

角膜移植正在转向微创的层状技术,如Descemet膜内皮质角膜整形术 (DMEK). 这些较新的手术提供了较好的结果和较少的并发症,相比传统的穿透性角膜整形 (PK).

科学领域:

眼科医生眼科眼科
移植手术移植手术
角膜疾病角膜疾病

背景情况:

角膜移植是一种常见的手术,显著的趋势是从穿透性角膜整形 (PK) 转向不那么侵入性的片状技术.
最少侵入性手术的目的是提高视觉结果,降低角膜手术中的并发症率.

研究的目的:

总结各种角膜移植手术,包括指示和潜在的并发症.
概述角膜移植患者的综合性术前,术后和术后管理策略.
讨论角膜移植的不断变化的景观,突出强调状技术的兴起.

主要方法:

审查当前关于角膜移植技术的文献.
分析不同角质整形手术的指示,并发症和管理方案.
穿透性角质塑造 (PK) 与状角质塑造的比较,包括Descemet膜内皮角质塑造 (DMEK).

主要成果:

对于内皮角膜病理,越来越多地喜欢Descemet膜内皮角质切割术 (DMEK),其频率超过PK.
术前风险因素的识别对于尽量减少术前和术后并发症至关重要.
在角膜移植排斥的情况下,早期和积极的治疗对于移植的生存至关重要.

结论:

最少侵入性的层状角膜切除术,特别是DMEK,代表了角膜移植的重大进步.
在整个移植过程中,有效的患者管理是成功结果的关键.
虽然激光辅助技术提供了好处,但其成本效益需要考虑.

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