免疫抑制对对SARS-CoV-2感染和接种疫苗的免疫反应的影响
Emma J Leacy1, Jia Wei Teh2, Aoife M O'Rourke3
1Trinity Kidney Centre, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland.
International journal of molecular sciences
|May 25, 2024
概括
在SARS-CoV-2感染期间,免疫抑制会抑制T细胞激活. 虽然在接受Rituximab治疗的患者中,T细胞对疫苗接种的反应保持不变,但它们的抗体产生受损.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 类风湿病学 类风湿病学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
背景情况:
- 类风湿性疾病的免疫抑制疗法可以控制症状,但会增加感染风险.
- 接受免疫抑制剂的患者往往对严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2) 疫苗接种反应减弱.
- 了解对SARS-CoV-2感染和免疫抑制个体疫苗接种的免疫反应至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估免疫抑制对SARS-CoV-2感染和接种疫苗后幽默和T细胞免疫力的影响.
- 为了比较Rituximab暴露,一般免疫抑制和非免疫抑制患者群体之间的免疫反应.
主要方法:
- 分析了两个患者队列:一个是急性SARS-CoV-2感染和康复期间,另一个是疫苗接种前和后.
- 通过流细胞计和ELISA进行免疫细胞表型鉴定.
- 使用干扰素γ释放试验和高维光谱细胞计量对抗原特异性T细胞反应的评估.
主要成果:
- 无论免疫抑制状态如何,急性SARS-CoV-2感染引发了T细胞淋巴缺血和减少了天真的CD4/CD8细胞.
- 非免疫抑制患者在感染期间表现出激活的CD4/CD8细胞的增加;在免疫抑制患者中,这一点被削弱.
- 接受瑞图西马布治疗的患者对SARS-CoV-2疫苗接种有保留的抗原特异性T细胞反应,但受损的幽默反应.
结论:
- 免疫抑制,特别是利图西马布,显著影响SARS-CoV-2感染和疫苗接种的免疫反应.
- 虽然T细胞免疫力可以保持,但在接受治疗的患者中,产生保护性抗体的能力受到损害.
- 这些发现凸显了针对免疫抑制个体量身定制的疫苗接种和管理策略的需要.
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