障碍与成就:对坎贝尔,尼霍尔姆和沃尔特的回应
1University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, USA.
The Journal of medicine and philosophy
|May 25, 2024
概括
障碍本身并不限制成就,挑战先前的观点. 重新定义超越主观努力的成就,揭示了残疾人获得更广泛的机会.
科学领域:
- 关于残疾人的哲学.
- 取得成就的道德.
- 身体残疾的社会模式
背景情况:
- 作为生活的好处,成就的概念受到辩论.
- 以前的论点表明,残疾通常不会阻碍人们获得成就.
- 一个关键的争论点是如何衡量成就的规模.
研究的目的:
- 挑战主观努力决定了成就的大小的观点.
- 为理解成就提出一个替代的框架.
- 为了证明这个框架如何支持许多残疾并不限制获得成就的说法.
主要方法:
- 对成就的批评是基于主观努力的构造.
- 开发和应用一个替代的成就框架.
- 对有关残疾人成就相对论的反对意见的辩护.
主要成果:
- 通过主观努力来构建成就,使其意义变得微不足道.
- 一个替代框架表明,许多残疾并不限制人们获得成就的机会.
- 拟议的框架避免了关于残疾和成就的有问题的相对主义.
结论:
- 成就不应该仅仅由主观的努力来定义.
- 障碍并不一定限制人们获得成就的好处.
- 进一步的研究应该考虑在残疾研究中对成就的细微定义.
相关概念视频
02:05Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping
39.0K
People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
39.0K
01:04Social Facilitation
32.0K
Not all intergroup interactions lead to negative outcomes. Sometimes, being in a group situation can improve performance. Social facilitation occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone. This typically occurs when people are performing a task for which they are skilled.
32.0K
01:27Language and Cognition
342
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
342
01:26Modeling in Therapy
70
Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
70
01:29Intellectual Disability
49
Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
49
01:25Learning Disabilities
99
Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
99